Chiyambi cha Switchgear

Switchgear imatanthauza zida zonse zogawa mphamvu zomwe zasonkhanitsidwa kuchokera ku zida zoyambira ndi zida zina malinga ndi dongosolo linalake, lomwe limagwiritsidwa ntchito makamaka kuwongolera ndi kuteteza ma circuits ndi zida. Switchgear ikhoza kugawidwa m'magulu awiri: switchgear yamagetsi amphamvu (mtundu wokhazikika ndi mtundu wa ngolo yonyamula katundu) ndi switchgear yamagetsi otsika (mtundu wokhazikika ndi mtundu wa chotengera) malinga ndi kuchuluka kwa magetsi a mizere yolowera ndi yotuluka.
Kapangidwe ka switchgear yamagetsi amphamvu kwambiri ndi kofanana, makamaka kamagawidwa m'chipinda cha busbar, chipinda chosinthira magetsi, chipinda chachiwiri chowongolera (chipinda cha zida), ndi chipinda chodyetsera. Nthawi zambiri pamakhala kulekanitsidwa kwa mbale yachitsulo pakati pa chipinda chilichonse. switchgear yamagetsi ochepa imagawidwa makamaka malinga ndi njira yokhazikitsira zigawo.

Chosinthira cha KYN28A-12 chokhala ndi zida zapakati chokwezedwa ndi mphamvu yamagetsi yapakati

Kabati yosinthira yokhazikika ya GGD low voltage

Kabati yosinthira yotsika ya MNS

KYN61-40.5 Chosinthira Chotetezedwa ndi Chitsulo Chochotsedwa ndi Zida

Kabati yosinthira yotsika ya GCK yotulutsa magetsi ochepa

Zinthu zamkati zimaphatikizapo: basi (busbar), chotsegula ma circuit, cholumikizira chachikhalidwe, chipangizo chotetezera cholumikizira, chida choyezera, mpeni wolekanitsa, nyali yowunikira, mpeni wotsikira pansi, ndi zina zotero.

1. Kabati yolowera imatchedwanso kabati yolandira magetsi. Ndi chipangizo chomwe chimagwiritsidwa ntchito kulandira mphamvu zamagetsi kuchokera ku gridi yamagetsi (kuchokera ku mzere wolowera kupita ku busbar). Nthawi zambiri imakhala ndi zotsekera ma circuit, ma CT, ma PT, mipeni yodzipatula ndi zida zina.

2. Makabati otuluka amatchedwanso makabati odyetsera kapena makabati ogawa magetsi. Ndi zida zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito kugawa mphamvu zamagetsi (kuchokera ku basi kupita ku mzere uliwonse wotuluka), ndipo nthawi zambiri zimakhala ndi zotsekera ma circuit, ma CT, ma PT, mipeni yolekanitsa ndi zida zina.

3. Kulumikiza basi
Imatchedwanso kabati yothyola mabasi. Ndi chipangizo chomwe chimagwiritsidwa ntchito kulumikiza magawo awiri a basi (kuchokera ku basi kupita ku basi). Kulumikiza basi nthawi zambiri kumagwiritsidwa ntchito m'magawo awiri a basi limodzi ndi machitidwe awiri a mabasi kuti akwaniritse zofunikira kapena chitsimikizo cha ogwiritsa ntchito posankha njira zosiyanasiyana zogwirira ntchito. Kuchotsa katundu wosankhidwa ngati walephera.

4. Kabati ya PT cabinet voltage transformer nthawi zambiri imayikidwa mwachindunji pa busbar kuti izindikire voltage ya busbar ndikuzindikira ntchito yoteteza. Makamaka ikani PT ya voltage transformer, mpeni wolekanitsa, fuse ndi arrester etc. mkati.

5. Kabati yodzipatula imagwiritsidwa ntchito kupatula mabasi kumapeto onse awiri kapena kupatula zida zolandirira magetsi kuchokera ku zida zamagetsi. Ikhoza kupereka malo owonekera bwino kwa wogwiritsa ntchito kuti athandize kukonza ndi kukonza ntchito. Popeza kabati yodzipatula ilibe mphamvu yosweka ndikuyatsa mphamvu yonyamula katundu, ngolo yonyamula katundu ya kabati yodzipatula singathe kukankhidwa kapena kukokedwa pamene chotseka cholumikizira magetsi chikugwirizana nacho chatsekedwa. Nthawi zambiri, ndikofunikira kukhazikitsa kulumikizana pakati pa kulumikizana kothandizira kwa chotseka cholumikizira magetsi ndi ngolo yodzipatula kuti wogwiritsa ntchito asagwire ntchito bwino.

6. Kabati ya capacitor imatchedwanso kabati yolipirira, yomwe imagwiritsidwa ntchito kukonza mphamvu ya gridi yamagetsi, kapena kubwezera mphamvu yogwira ntchito. Zigawo zazikulu ndi magulu a mabanki a capacitor, ma switching control loops ndi ma fuse olumikizidwa motsatizana. Tetezani zida zamagetsi. Nthawi zambiri zimayikidwa motsatizana ndi kabati yolowera, kabati imodzi kapena zingapo za capacitor zimatha kugwiritsidwa ntchito motsatizana. Kabati ya capacitor ikachotsedwa pa gridi yamagetsi, chifukwa capacitor bank imatenga nthawi kuti itsirize njira yotulutsira, sizingatheke kukhudza mwachindunji zigawo zomwe zili mu kabati, makamaka capacitor bank; mkati mwa nthawi inayake magetsi atazimitsidwa (malinga ndi capacitor bank. Zimatengera mphamvu, monga: mphindi 1), kutsekanso sikuloledwa kuti mupewe kuwonongeka kwa ma voltage ambiri ku capacitor. Mukamachita ntchito zowongolera zokha, samalani ndi kugawa koyenera kwa nthawi yosinthira ya gulu lililonse la mabanki a capacitor kuti mupewe kuwonongeka kwa gulu limodzi la ma capacitor pomwe magulu ena samawayatsa ndi kuzimitsa.

7. Kabati yoyezera

Amagwiritsidwa ntchito makamaka poyesa mphamvu yamagetsi (kWh), ndipo amagawidwa m'magulu awiri: magetsi okwera ndi otsika, nthawi zambiri amaikidwa ndi switch yodzipatula, fuse, CT, PT, mita ya maola a active watt (mita yachikhalidwe kapena mita ya digito), Mamita a maola a watt osinthika, ma relay, ndi zida zina zothandizira (monga zowunikira katundu, ndi zina zotero).
8. Kabati ya GIS imatchedwanso kabati yamagetsi yolumikizidwa, yomwe ndi kuphatikiza kotsekedwa kwa ma circuit breakers, ma switch olekanitsa, ma switch oyambira, CT, PT, ma arresters, ma busbars, ndi zina zotero mu chipolopolo chachitsulo, kenako gasi yokhala ndi insulation yabwino komanso magwiridwe antchito ozimitsa arc (Sulfur hexafluoride SF6 nthawi zambiri imagwiritsidwa ntchito) ngati muyeso wotetezera pakati pa magawo ndi nthaka, yoyenera ma grid amphamvu amphamvu komanso amphamvu kwambiri, omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito pogawa ndi kuwongolera mphamvu.
9. Pamene choswa dera chikugwira ntchito bwino, choswa dera chimakhala chotsekedwa (kupatula ntchito zapadera), ndipo dera limalumikizidwa. Pochita ntchito zowongolera zokha kapena zowongolera chitetezo, choswa dera chikhoza kugwiritsidwa ntchito motsogozedwa ndi chipangizo choteteza chokwanira kuti chiswe kapena kulumikiza dera. Choswa dera sichimangoyatsa ndikuzimitsa mphamvu yanthawi zonse, komanso chimapirira mphamvu yanthawi yochepa kwa nthawi inayake (kangapo kapena kakhumi kuposa mphamvu yanthawi zonse yogwira ntchito), kuswa mphamvu yanthawi yochepa, ndikudula mabwalo ndi zida zolakwika. Chifukwa chake, ntchito yayikulu ya choswa dera ndikuswa ndikupanga dera (kuphatikiza kuswa ndikupanga mphamvu yanthawi zonse, kuswa mphamvu yanthawi yochepa). Chifukwa pakuswa ndi kutseka dera, arc imapangidwa mosalekeza pakati pa kukhudzana kosuntha ndi kukhudzana kwa static kwa choswa dera. Pofuna kuteteza zolumikizana, kuchepetsa kutayika kwa zinthu zolumikizira ndikuswa dera moyenera, njira ziyenera kutengedwa kuti zimitse arc mwachangu momwe zingathere. Chimodzi mwa izo ndikugwiritsa ntchito zida zosiyanasiyana zozimitsira arc kuti mudzaze zolumikizana zamphamvu komanso zosasunthika za choswa dera. Malinga ndi zida zosiyanasiyana zozimitsira magetsi, ma circuit breaker amatha kugawidwa m'magulu awa: ma circuit breaker amafuta (mafuta ambiri, mafuta ochepa), ma circuit breaker a sulfure hexafluoride (SF6), ma circuit breaker a vacuum, ma air circuit breaker, ndi zina zotero. Zipangizo zazikulu zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito pa switchgear yamagetsi okwera komanso otsika zomwe nthawi zambiri timakumana nazo mu projekitiyi ndi circuit breaker. Popeza ma contact oyenda komanso osasinthasintha a circuit breaker nthawi zambiri amakulungidwa mu chidebe chodzazidwa ndi arc extinguishing medium, momwe circuit breaker imatsegukira komanso kutseka kwake sizingaweruzidwe mwachindunji, nthawi zambiri kudzera muzipangizo zothandizira za circuit breaker (monga ma pointers otsegulira ndi otseka). Ndi zina zotero) kuti muweruze.

10. Mpeni wodzipatula

Mpeni wodzipatula (kapena chosinthira chodzipatula) ukhoza kuzindikira kulumikizana kapena kulekanitsidwa chifukwa cha kusweka koonekeratu. Umagwiritsidwa ntchito makamaka kupatula magetsi amphamvu kwambiri kuti zingwe ndi zida zisamalidwe bwino. Mphamvu yamagetsi yomwe ingalekanitsidwe ndi yaying'ono kwambiri (nthawi zambiri ma ampere ochepa okha). Popeza palibe chipangizo chapadera chozimitsira arc, sichingagwiritsidwe ntchito kuswa mphamvu yamagetsi ndi mphamvu yamagetsi yogwira ntchito, ndipo sichiloledwa kuchita ntchito yoswa ndi katundu.

11. Fuse

Fuse ndi chipangizo chamagetsi chosavuta kuteteza dera. Mfundo yake ndi yakuti pamene mphamvu yamagetsi yomwe ikuyenda mu fuse ifika kapena kupitirira mtengo winawake kwa nthawi inayake, kusungunuka kwake kumasungunuka ndikudula dera. Mfundo yake yogwirira ntchito ndi yosavuta, yosavuta kuyiyika, nthawi zambiri siigwiritsidwa ntchito yokha, makamaka imagwiritsidwa ntchito mogwirizana ndi zida zina zamagetsi. Makhalidwe akuluakulu a ntchito: Choyamba, mphamvu yamagetsi iyenera kufika pamtengo winawake, womwe wapangidwa fuse isanachoke ku fakitale ndipo sungasinthidwe; chachiwiri, nthawi inayake iyenera kudutsa mphamvu yamagetsi itatha mtengo winawake, womwe umapangidwanso ndi wopanga ndipo sungasinthidwe. Koma pali mitundu yambiri, kuphatikizapo kuchita mochedwa, kuchita mwachangu, kuchita mwachangu kwambiri, ndi zina zotero; chachitatu ndi chakuti thupi lawonongeka pambuyo pa ntchito ndipo silingagwiritsidwenso ntchito ndipo liyenera kusinthidwa; kaya fuse yaphulika ikhoza kuweruzidwa ndi chizindikiro cha fuse kapena mawonekedwe a kusungunuka; Ma fuse ndi machubu a inshuwaransi omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito nthawi zambiri ndi a gulu ili la zida zamagetsi.

12. Chosinthira katundu
Chosinthira chonyamula katundu chili ndi chipangizo chosavuta chozimitsira arc. Chosinthira chozimitsira arc nthawi zambiri chimakhala mpweya, womwe ungalumikize ndikuswa mafunde ena ndi mafunde opitilira muyeso, koma sungaswe mafunde afupiafupi ndipo sungagwiritsidwe ntchito kudula zolakwika za mafunde ochepera. Chifukwa chake, sikuloledwa kugwiritsa ntchito chosinthira katundu kuti mulowe m'malo mwa chosinthira dera; ngati chosinthira katundu chikugwiritsidwa ntchito, chiyenera kugwiritsidwa ntchito limodzi ndi fuse yamagetsi apamwamba yomwe yatchulidwa pamwambapa (kwenikweni, fuse ndi chosinthira katundu nthawi zambiri zimagwiritsidwa ntchito motsatizana kuti muteteze kupitirira muyeso, Kuti muchepetse mtengo wa polojekiti). Chosinthira katundu chimafanana ndi mpeni wodzipatula, ndipo pali kusiyana koonekeratu kwa kuleka, ndipo zitha kuweruzidwa mosavuta ngati dera lili mu mkhalidwe woyatsa kapena wozimitsa.

13. Transformer

Mwachidule, transformer ndi chipangizo chomwe chimagwiritsa ntchito minda yamagetsi yosinthasintha kuti isinthe ma voltage osiyanasiyana (kwenikweni kusintha kwa mphamvu zamagetsi), ndipo voltage isanayambe komanso itatha kusintha sisintha pafupipafupi. Malinga ndi momwe imagwiritsidwira ntchito, imatha kugawidwa m'mitundu yambiri, monga ma transformer amphamvu, ma rectifier transformers, ma voltage regulators, ma isolation transformers, ndi CT, PT, ndi zina zotero. Chomwe timakumana nacho nthawi zambiri pamalo a polojekitiyi ndi transformer yamagetsi.
Zina mwa zinthu zazikulu zokhudzana ndi transformer ndi izi: ①Kutha koyesedwa: kumatanthauza mphamvu yotulutsa ya transformer yomwe imayesedwa pansi pa mikhalidwe yogwirira ntchito (yofanana ndi U×I, mu KVA); ②Voteji yoyesedwa: palibe katundu, kugonga koyesedwa, voteji yomaliza ③Kutayika kopanda katundu: Pansi pa mkhalidwe wopanda katundu, kutayika kwa transformer (yomwe imatchedwanso kutayika kwachitsulo); ④Mpweya wopanda katundu: Pansi pa mkhalidwe wopanda katundu, mphamvu ikuyenda kudzera mu coil yoyamba ya mbali Mtengo; ⑤Kutayika kwa dera lalifupi: kutayika komwe kumachitika chifukwa cha mphamvu yoyesedwa mbali yoyamba ndi dera lachiwiri lalifupi (makamaka chifukwa cha kukana kwa coil); ⑥Lingaliro la kugonga (kugonga): Kuti akwaniritse zosowa za gridi yamagetsi, mbali yayikulu ya transformer yonse Pali ma tap, ndipo ma voltage a ma tap awa amafotokozedwa ngati peresenti ya voltage yoyesedwa, yotchedwa voteji ya tap. Mwachitsanzo, chosinthira cha 10KV champhamvu kwambiri chili ndi ±5% ya mphamvu yamagetsi, zomwe zikutanthauza kuti chosinthiracho chimatha kugwira ntchito pamlingo wamagetsi atatu: 10.5KV (+5%), 10KV (yoyesedwa), 9.5KV (-5%). Kawirikawiri, chiwerengero cha ma tap (malo opopera) a chosinthira cha pa-load ndi chochulukirapo, monga ma tap 7 (±3×2.5%) ndi ma tap 9 (±4×2%). Popeza kusinthana kwa chosinthira cha pa-load sikungatsimikizidwe mokwanira, ma transformer a pa-load nthawi zambiri sangagwire ntchito limodzi. ⑦ Mphamvu yogwira ntchito: katundu womwe umapanga mphamvu ya makina kapena mphamvu yotenthetsa mu dongosolo lamagetsi. Koma katundu woletsa mphamvu mu katundu umangogwiritsa ntchito mphamvu yogwira ntchito, monga kutentha kwamagetsi, ng'anjo yamagetsi, kuunikira ndi katundu wina wamagetsi ndi katundu wogwira ntchito kwathunthu. Mphamvu ya ma mota asynchronous ndi ma mota asynchronous imadya mphamvu yogwira ntchito komanso mphamvu yogwira ntchito. Pakati pawo, gawo lomwe limapanga mphamvu ya makina ndi ntchito ndi katundu wogwira ntchito. Katundu wogwira ntchito uyenera kuperekedwa ndi mphamvu yogwira ntchito ya jenereta. ⑧Katundu wa mphamvu yogwira ntchito: gawo la katundu wamagetsi lomwe silikugwira ntchito. Mphamvu yogwira ntchito imagwiritsidwa ntchito kokha mu zinthu zoyambitsa. Monga: ma transformer, ma mota, ma air conditioner, mafiriji, ndi zina zotero. Chifukwa chake ngakhale jenereta imatulutsa mphamvu yogwira ntchito, imafunikanso kupereka mphamvu yogwira ntchito. Pamene mphamvu yogwira ntchito singakwaniritse gridi, mphamvu ya dongosolo imatsika. Kuti ikwaniritse zosowa za ogwiritsa ntchito, chobwezera mphamvu chogwira ntchito chiyenera kuyikidwa mu substation kuti chisunge mphamvu yogwira ntchito kuti mulingo wa magetsi ukhale wokhazikika. ⑨ Kusunga ngozi: chimodzi mwa zigawo za mphamvu yosungira mu dongosolo lamagetsi. Popeza zida zopangira magetsi zitha kukhala ndi kulephera kwakanthawi kapena kosatha komwe kumakhudza magetsi, dongosololi liyenera kukhala ndi magwero enaake amagetsi osungira mwangozi kuti zitsimikizire chitetezo cha malo opangira magetsi. ⑩ Kusokoneza dongosolo: Pofuna kupewa kuti dongosololi lisataye sitepe ndi kukula kwa ngozi, lidzakhala lathunthu. Dongosolo lamagetsi limagawidwa m'machitidwe angapo odziyimira pawokha omwe sagwiranso ntchito mofanana. Makina ena am'deralo amatha kusowa mphamvu pambuyo pochotsa makina, komanso kutsika kwa ma frequency ndi magetsi, kotero gawo lina la katundu liyenera kuchotsedwa kuti kukhazikika kwa makina onse kusawonongeke.