Mfundo zazikuluzikulu za Kusankhidwa kwa Surge Protector ndi Kusanthula Mavuto Ogwirizana

Chitetezo cha Surge ndi chitetezo champhamvu kwambiri choteteza dera, chikamapirira voteji yayikulu, kugunda kwamphamvu kwambiri, kuthamanga (10-9s) kuchokera pakuyimitsa koyambirira kupita kumalo ocheperako, komanso kusokoneza kwakanthawi kochepa kwamagetsi mpaka pamagetsi omwe adakonzedweratu, kuti ateteze zida ndi zida zowonongeka kuti zisawonongeke, ntchito yozungulira popanda kusokonezedwa.

(1) Zida zodzitetezera zimagawidwa m'magulu atatu
Gawo loyamba limatha kutulutsa mphezi yachindunji kapena mphamvu yayikulu yomwe imaperekedwa pomwe chingwe chotumizira magetsi chimagunda mwachindunji ndi mphezi. Chitetezo cha mulingo woyamba chizikhala gawo lachitatu lamagetsi osinthira magetsi, ndipo mphezi yake sikhala yochepera 60kA. Nthawi zambiri amagwiritsidwa ntchito pogawa.
Cholinga cha gawo lachiwiri ndikuchepetsanso mtengo wamagetsi otsalira otsalira kudzera pagawo loyamba lomanga mphezi mpaka 1500-2000v, ndikukhazikitsa kulumikizana kwa equipotential kwa lpz1-lpz2. Pamene chomangira mphezi chomangira mphamvu kuchokera pamzere wa kabati yogawa chikugwiritsidwa ntchito ngati chitetezo chachiwiri, chomangira mphezi chamagetsi chidzagwiritsidwa ntchito, ndipo mphamvu yake ya mphezi idzakhala yosachepera 20KA.

Cholinga cha gawo lachitatu ndikuteteza zida ndikuchepetsa mtengo wamagetsi otsalira opitilira 1000V. Monga chitetezo chachitatu, chizikhala chotsekereza magetsi oletsa mphezi, ndipo mphamvu yake yamagetsi siyenera kuchepera 10kA. Nthawi zambiri amagwiritsidwa ntchito pazida zogawa magetsi.
Mitundu yosiyanasiyana yogawa iyenera kusankha zida zodzitchinjiriza zofananira, zomwe zitha kugawidwa kukhala TN (TN-S, NC, TN-CS), it ndi TT.

1) Chitetezo choyambirira
Cholinga chake ndikuletsa mphamvu yamagetsi kuti isayende mwachindunji kuchokera kudera la lpz0 kupita kudera la lpz1, ndikuchepetsa mphamvu yamagetsi yamakumi masauzande mpaka mazana masauzande a volts mpaka 2500-3000v.
Pamene mphamvu mphezi chomangira anaika pa otsika-voteji mbali ya otsika mphamvu thiransifoma mphamvu m'nyumba ntchito ngati chitetezo mlingo woyamba, adzakhala magawo atatu voteji kusintha mphamvu mphezi chomangira, ndi mphezi flux si kuchepera 60kA. Mulingo uwu wa chomangira mphezi wamagetsi udzakhala chomangira mphezi yamphamvu kwambiri yolumikizidwa pakati pa gawo lililonse la mzere wolowera pakhomo lamagetsi a wogwiritsa ntchito ndi dziko lapansi. Mphunzitsi Di wophunzitsa pa intaneti za kapangidwe ka magetsi nthawi zambiri amafuna kuti mulingo wamagetsi otsekera mphezi ukhale ndi mphamvu yopitilira 100kA pagawo lililonse ndipo mphamvu yoletsa yocheperako ndi yochepera 1500V, yomwe imatchedwa classi level power lightning arrester. Zomanga mphezi zamagetsi izi zidapangidwa kuti zizitha kupirira mphezi yayikulu komanso mphezi zochititsa chidwi komanso kukopa mafunde amphamvu kwambiri, omwe amatha kupatutsa mafunde ambiri padziko lapansi. Amangopereka voteji yochepetsera (pamene mphamvu yamagetsi imayenda kudzera pa chomangira mphezi, voteji yayikulu pamzereyo imatchedwa voteji yochepetsera) ngati chitetezo chapakati, chifukwa chitetezo cha classi chimatengera kuchuluka kwamphamvu kwapano, ndipo iwo okha sangathe kuteteza kwathunthu zida zamagetsi zomwe zili mkati mwamagetsi.

Chomangira mphezi chamulingo woyamba chimatha kupewa 10 / 350us ndi 100kA mphezi, kufikira mulingo wapamwamba kwambiri wachitetezo wotchulidwa ndi IEC.
Zofotokozera zaukadaulo ndi: kutulutsa kwa mphezi ndikokulirapo kapena kofanana ndi 100kA (10 / 350us); Mphamvu yotsalira yamagetsi siyenera kupitirira 2.5KV; Nthawi yoyankha ndiyochepera kapena yofanana ndi 100ns.
2) Chitetezo chachiwiri
Cholinga ndikuchepetsanso mtengo wamagetsi otsalira otsalira kudzera pa chomangira mphezi mpaka 1500-2000v, ndikukhazikitsa kulumikizana kwa equipotential kwa lpz1-lpz2.
Pamene mphamvu yomanga mphezi imatuluka kuchokera pamzere wa kabati yogawa ikugwiritsidwa ntchito ngati chitetezo chachiwiri, mphamvu yamagetsi yochepetsera mphamvu ya mphezi idzaikidwa pamalo ogawa nthambi omwe amapereka mphamvu ku zipangizo zamagetsi zofunika kapena zovuta, ndipo mphamvu yake yamagetsi idzakhala yosachepera 20KA. Bambo Di, kuphunzitsa pa intaneti za kapangidwe ka magetsi, zomangira mphezi zamphamvuzi zimatha kuyamwa bwino mphamvu yotsalira yodutsa yomwe imadutsa pachitetezo chamagetsi panjira yolowera mphamvu ya wogwiritsa ntchito, ndikukhala ndi zoletsa zabwino kwambiri pamagetsi osakhalitsa.

Kuchuluka kwamphamvu kwa chomangira mphezi chogwiritsidwa ntchito pano kumafunikira kupitilira 45kA pagawo lililonse, ndipo magetsi ochepera ochepera 1200V, omwe amatchedwa ClassII powerning arrester. Nthawi zambiri, ngati wogwiritsa ntchito magetsi akwaniritsa chitetezo chachiwiri, amatha kukwaniritsa zofunikira pakugwiritsa ntchito zida zamagetsi.
Kalasi C mtetezi anatengera kwa kalasi II mphamvu mphezi zomangira zonse mode chitetezo cha gawo-I, gawo-I ndi gawo-I, ndi waukulu magawo luso ndi: mphezi mphamvu panopa ndi wamkulu kuposa kapena wofanana 40ka (8 / 20us); Mtengo wapamwamba wamagetsi otsalira suyenera kukhala wamkulu kuposa 1000V; Nthawi yoyankha siyenera kupitilira 25ns.

3) Chitetezo chachitatu
Cholinga chake ndikuteteza zidazo pochepetsa mphamvu yotsalira yotsalira kuti ikhale yochepera 1000V, kuti mphamvu ya opaleshoniyo iwononge zida.
Pamene chomangira mphezi chamagetsi chimayikidwa kumapeto kwa magetsi a AC pazida zamagetsi zamagetsi zimagwiritsidwa ntchito ngati chitetezo chachitatu, chizikhala chotsekereza mphezi zotsatizana, ndipo mphamvu yake ya mphezi idzakhala yosachepera 10kA.
Pomaliza, chomangira mphezi chomangidwira chingagwiritsidwe ntchito mkati mwamagetsi amagetsi amagetsi kuti athetseretu kuchulukitsitsa kwakanthawi kochepa. Bambo Di, kuphunzitsa kwapaintaneti kamangidwe ka magetsi, mphamvu yayikulu yamphamvu yomangirira mphezi yomwe imagwiritsidwa ntchito pano ikuyenera kukhala 20KA pagawo lililonse kapena kutsika, ndipo mphamvu yochepetsera yofunikira ikhale yosakwana 1000V. Pazida zina zofunika kwambiri kapena zovuta kwambiri zamagetsi, ndikofunikira kukhala ndi chitetezo chachitatu, komanso zimatha kuteteza zida zamagetsi kumagetsi osakhalitsa omwe amapangidwa mkati mwadongosolo. Pamagetsi okonzanso omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito pazida zoyankhulirana za ma microwave, zida zoyankhulirana zam'manja ndi zida za radar, zomangira mphezi zamagetsi za DC zokhala ndi magetsi oyenerera ogwirira ntchito ziyenera kusankhidwa ngati chitetezo chosagwirizana ndi chitetezo chamagetsi awo ogwirira ntchito.

4) Malinga ndi mphamvu yamagetsi yamagetsi ya zida zotetezedwa
Ngati chitetezo cha mphezi chamitundu iwiri chingathe kuchepetsa mphamvu yamagetsi yomwe ili pansi pa mlingo wopirira wa zida, chitetezo chamagulu awiri okha ndichofunikira. Ngati mphamvu yamagetsi yamagetsi ya chipangizocho ndi yotsika, magawo anayi kapena kupitilira apo angafunike. Kuthekera kwamphamvu kwapanthawi yachitetezo chachinayi sikukhala kochepera 5ka.
(2) Chifukwa chiyani fusesi ndi chophwanyira dera ziyenera kukhala ndi zida kutsogolo kwa chitetezo cha opaleshoni?
Pamene inrush ikudutsa pachitetezo cha opaleshoniyo ndi yaikulu kuposa IMAX yake, chitetezo cha opaleshoni chidzaphwanyidwa ndikulephera, zomwe zimabweretsa vuto laling'ono la dera. Pofuna kuthetsa vuto lachifupi, m'pofunika kukhazikitsa chophwanyika kapena fuse. Bambo Di, kuphunzitsa pa intaneti pakupanga magetsi, mphezi iliyonse imayambitsa kukalamba kwa chitetezo cha opaleshoni. Mwachitsanzo, ngati pompopompo ilipo kwa nthawi yayitali, chitetezo cha opaleshoni chimatenthedwa ndikufulumizitsa ukalamba. Panthawiyi, makina oteteza matenthedwe a chophwanyira dera kapena fusesi amayenera kuchitapo kanthu kuti athetse chitetezo cha opaleshoni chisanafike kutentha kovomerezeka.

Zofunikira pachitetezo chachitetezo cha fuse ndi chophwanyira dera: pamene 20 standard 8/20 microsecond ndi 1.2/50 microsecond test pulses ikayikidwa pansi pa ovoteledwa pano, chophwanya dera kapena fuse sichingayende. Pamene chitetezo cha opaleshoni chikuphwanyidwa ndikufupikitsidwa, wodutsa dera kapena fuseji adzachitapo kanthu. Ngati woteteza opaleshoni ndi gawo losinthira, chifukwa mawonekedwe ake owonongeka ndi otseguka, amatha kutetezedwa popanda chowotcha chaching'ono ndi fuse.
Zonse ziwiri za fuse ndi zozungulira zingagwiritsidwe ntchito ngati chitetezo chapamwamba cha chitetezo cha opaleshoni. Makhalidwe a fuse; Fuseyi ili ndi ntchito ziwiri zodzitchinjiriza zakuchedwa kwa nthawi yayitali komanso zapanthawi yomweyo zomwe zimakhala ndi malire a nthawi. Bambo Di, kuphunzitsa pa intaneti pakupanga magetsi, kumagwiritsidwa ntchito ngati chitetezo chokwanira komanso chachifupi motsatana, ndiye kuti, ulalo wa fusewu uyenera kusinthidwa pambuyo pakukangana kolakwika. Mawonekedwe a wosweka wozungulira: wowononga dera amakhala ndi chitetezo pompopompo komanso chitetezo chochulukirapo. Pambuyo pa kulumikizidwa kolakwika, ikhoza kukhazikitsidwanso pamanja popanda kusintha zigawo.
Yang'anani kusiyana pakati pa mizere yomwe ikubwera: 440V surge protector idzasankhidwa pazigawo zitatu 280v makina asanu a waya kapena magawo atatu 380V mawaya anayi. Woteteza 220V adzasankhidwa pagawo limodzi la 220V lamawaya awiri kapena gawo limodzi la 220V mawaya atatu. Kuonjezera apo, zindikirani: mlingo wa chitetezo cha chitetezo chosankhidwa chosankhidwa ndi mlingo 2 kwa magawo atatu a 280v pamzere wolowera wa nyumba yogonamo; Gawo 3 la gawo limodzi la 220V.
Pambuyo pa mzere wa dongosolo la TN-CS kulowa m'bokosi logawa ambiri la nyumbayo, cholemberacho chimagawidwa mu mzere wa N ndi mzere wa PE. Ndikofunikira kukhazikitsa chitetezo chachitetezo pakati pa mzere wa gawo I ndi cholembera.
Kusinthana kutsogolo kwa oteteza opangira opaleshoni kumatha kusankha fuse ndi chophwanyira dera. Nthawi zambiri, 40 ~ 63A iyenera kusankhidwa IMAX> 40ka ndi 20 ~ 32A iyenera kusankhidwa IMAX <40ka.

(3) Kodi chitetezo cha opaleshoni ndi chomangira mphezi ndi chinthu chomwecho?
Ngakhale onse oteteza ma surge ndi omanga mphezi ali ndi ntchito yoletsa kuchulukirachulukira, makamaka kuphulika kwa mphezi, akadali ndi zosiyana zambiri pakugwiritsira ntchito.
1) Omanganso amakhala ndi ma voltages angapo, kuyambira 0.38kv low voltage mpaka 500kV UHV, pomwe zida zodzitchinjiriza zodzitchinjiriza nthawi zambiri zimakhala ndi magetsi otsika;

2) Zomanga mphezi nthawi zambiri zimayikidwa pamakina oyambira kuti ateteze kuwukira kwachindunji kwa mphezi, pomwe oteteza mawotchi amayikidwa kwambiri pachitetezo chachiwiri, chomwe ndi chowonjezera pambuyo poti womanga mphezi atachotsa kuwukira kwachindunji kwa mphezi kapena ngati womanga mphezi sachotsa mphezi;

3) Chomangira mphezi chimagwiritsidwa ntchito kuteteza zida zamagetsi, ndipo chitetezo chamagetsi chimagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri kuteteza zida zamagetsi kapena mamita;
4) Popeza chomangiracho chimalumikizidwa ndi makina oyambira magetsi, chimayenera kukhala ndi magwiridwe antchito otsekera akunja komanso kukula kwakukulu. Chifukwa chitetezo cha opaleshoni chimalumikizidwa ndi magetsi otsika, kukula kwake kungakhale kochepa kwambiri.