Kodi pali kusiyana kotani pakati pa chothyola ma circuit chamagetsi okwera ndi chosinthira magetsi?

Chotsegula magetsi chamagetsi champhamvu (kapena chosinthira chamagetsi champhamvu) ndiye chida chachikulu chowongolera mphamvu cha substation, chokhala ndi mawonekedwe ozimitsa arc, pamene dongosolo likugwira ntchito bwino, limatha kudula ndi kudutsa mzere ndi zida zosiyanasiyana zamagetsi zopanda mphamvu ndi katundu; Pamene cholakwika chikuchitika mu dongosolo, icho ndi chitetezo cha relay, zimatha kudula mwachangu mphamvu yamagetsi, kuti zisawonjezere kuchuluka kwa ngozi.

Chosinthira cholumikizira chilibe chipangizo chozimitsira moto chozungulira. Ngakhale malamulo amanena kuti chingagwiritsidwe ntchito ngati mphamvu yamagetsi ili yochepera 5A, nthawi zambiri sichigwiritsidwa ntchito ndi katundu. Komabe, chosinthira cholumikizira chili ndi kapangidwe kosavuta, ndipo momwe chimagwirira ntchito chimawoneka pang'onopang'ono kuchokera pakuwoneka. Pali malo odziwikiratu olumikizirana panthawi yokonza.

Chotsekera mawaya chomwe chikugwiritsidwa ntchito chimatchedwa "switch", chotchingira mawaya chomwe chikugwiritsidwa ntchito chimatchedwa "knife brake", ziwirizi nthawi zambiri zimagwiritsidwa ntchito pamodzi. Kusiyana pakati pa chotsekera mawaya chamagetsi champhamvu ndi chotchingira mawaya ndi motere:

1) Chosinthira champhamvu chamagetsi chimatha kusweka ndi katundu, ndi ntchito yozimitsa yokha, koma mphamvu yake yosweka ndi yaying'ono kwambiri komanso yochepa.

2) Chosinthira cholumikizira chamagetsi okwera nthawi zambiri sichimasweka ndi katundu, palibe kapangidwe ka chivundikiro cha arc, palinso chosinthira cholumikizira chamagetsi okwera chomwe chingaswe katundu, koma kapangidwe kake ndi kosiyana ndi chosinthira cholumikizira, kosavuta.

3) Chosinthira chamagetsi amphamvu kwambiri komanso chosinthira chodulira magetsi amphamvu kwambiri chingapangitse kuti pakhale malo osweka oonekera bwino. Ma circuit breaker ambiri amphamvu kwambiri alibe ntchito yodzipatula, ndipo ma circuit breaker ochepa amphamvu kwambiri ali ndi ntchito yodzipatula.

4) Chosinthira chodulira magetsi champhamvu sichili ndi ntchito yoteteza, chitetezo cha chosinthira magetsi champhamvu nthawi zambiri chimakhala chitetezo cha fuse, kusweka mwachangu komanso kupitirira mphamvu yamagetsi.

5) Mphamvu yothyola ya ma circuit breaker amphamvu kwambiri ikhoza kukhala yokwera kwambiri popanga. Kudalira kwambiri transformer yapano yokhala ndi zida zina zotetezera. Ikhoza kukhala ndi chitetezo cha ma circuit afupi, chitetezo chochulukirapo, chitetezo cha kutayikira ndi ntchito zina.

Kugawa njira zogwirira ntchito zosinthira

1. Gulu la njira yogwiritsira ntchito switch

Tsopano tikupeza kuti switch nthawi zambiri imagawidwa m'magulu amafuta ambiri (mitundu yakale, yomwe tsopano sikuwoneka), mafuta ochepa (malo ena ogwiritsa ntchito akadali), SF6, vacuum, GIS (zipangizo zamagetsi zophatikizika) ndi mitundu ina. Zonsezi ndi zokhudza njira yolumikizira ya switch. Kwa ife, njira yachiwiri yogwirira ntchito ya switch ndi yogwirizana kwambiri.

Mtundu wa makinawo ukhoza kugawidwa m'magulu awiri: makina ogwiritsira ntchito maginito (akale kwambiri, nthawi zambiri mu mafuta kapena mafuta ochepa, chotsegula maginito chimakhala ndi izi); Makina ogwiritsira ntchito masika (omwe nthawi zambiri amakhala ofala kwambiri, SF6, vacuum, GIS nthawi zambiri amakhala ndi makinawa); ABB posachedwapa yatulutsa mtundu watsopano wa makina ogwiritsira ntchito maginito okhazikika (monga chotsegula maginito cha VM1 vacuum).

2. Njira yogwiritsira ntchito maginito

Njira yogwiritsira ntchito maginito imadalira kwathunthu mphamvu yamagetsi yopangidwa ndi mphamvu yotseka yomwe ikuyenda kudzera mu coil yotseka kuti itseke ndikukanikiza kasupe woyenda. Ulendowu umadalira kwambiri kasupe woyenda kuti upereke mphamvu.

Chifukwa chake, mtundu uwu wa makina ogwirira ntchito ndi wochepa, koma mphamvu yotseka ndi yayikulu kwambiri, nthawi yomweyo imatha kufika ma ampere opitilira 100.

Ichi ndichifukwa chake dongosolo la DC la substation liyenera kutsegula ndi kutseka basi kuti liwongolere basi. Mama wotseka amapereka mphamvu yotseka, ndipo mama wowongolera amapereka mphamvu ku loop yowongolera.

Basi yotseka imapachikidwa mwachindunji pa paketi ya batri, magetsi otseka ndi magetsi a paketi ya batri (nthawi zambiri pafupifupi 240V), kugwiritsa ntchito mphamvu yotulutsa batri kuti ipereke magetsi ambiri potseka, ndipo magetsi amakhala akuthwa kwambiri potseka. Ndipo basi yowongolera imadutsa mu unyolo wa silicon ndipo imalumikizidwa pamodzi (nthawi zambiri imayendetsedwa pa 220V), kutseka sikukhudza kukhazikika kwa magetsi a basi yowongolera. Chifukwa mphamvu yotseka ya makina ogwiritsira ntchito maginito ndi yayikulu kwambiri, dera lotseka loteteza silidutsa mwachindunji mu coil yotseka, koma kudzera mu contactor yotseka. Dongosolo loyendera limalumikizidwa mwachindunji ndi coil yoyendera.

Chotsekera cha contactor coil nthawi zambiri chimakhala cha mtundu wa voltage, kukana kumakhala kwakukulu (K ochepa). Chitetezo chikagwirizanitsidwa ndi dera ili, chisamaliro chiyenera kuperekedwa pakutseka kuti chiyambi chonse chikhale chokhazikika. Koma izi si vuto, ulendo umakhala ndi TBJ nthawi zambiri imatha kuyamba, kotero ntchito yoletsa kulumpha ikadalipo. Mtundu uwu wa makina uli ndi nthawi yayitali yotseka (120ms ~ 200ms) ndi nthawi yochepa yotsegulira (60 ~ 80ms).

3. Njira yogwiritsira ntchito masika

Mtundu uwu wa makina ndi womwe umagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri pakadali pano, kutseka ndi kutsegula kwake kumadalira kasupe kuti apereke mphamvu, chotchingira chotseka chodumpha chimangopereka mphamvu yotulutsa pini yoyikira masika, kotero mphamvu yotseka yodumpha nthawi zambiri si yayikulu. Kusungira mphamvu ya masika kumakakamizidwa ndi mota yosungira mphamvu.

Chingwe chachiwiri chosungira mphamvu ya masika

Pa njira yogwirira ntchito yotanuka, basi yotseka imapereka mphamvu ku injini yosungira mphamvu, ndipo mphamvu yamagetsi si yayikulu, kotero palibe kusiyana kwakukulu pakati pa basi yotseka ndi basi yowongolera. Chitetezo ndi mgwirizano wake, nthawi zambiri palibe chifukwa chapadera choyang'anira malowo.

4. Wogwiritsa ntchito maginito wokhazikika

Chogwiritsira ntchito maginito chokhazikika ndi njira yomwe ABB imagwiritsidwa ntchito pamsika wamkati, yomwe idagwiritsidwa ntchito koyamba pa chotsegula magetsi cha VM1 10kV vacuum circuit.

Mfundo yake ndi yofanana ndi ya mtundu wa maginito, shaft yoyendetsera imapangidwa ndi zinthu zamaginito okhazikika, maginito okhazikika ozungulira coil yamagetsi.

Muzochitika zachizolowezi, coil yamagetsi siili ndi chaji, pamene chosinthira chitsegulidwa kapena kutsekedwa, mwa kusintha polarity ya coil pogwiritsa ntchito mfundo ya magnetic attraction kapena repulsion, drive imatsegulidwa kapena kutsekedwa.

Ngakhale kuti mphamvu yamagetsi iyi si yaying'ono, switch "imasungidwa" ndi capacitor yayikulu, yomwe imatulutsidwa kuti ipereke mphamvu yamagetsi yayikulu panthawi yogwira ntchito.

Ubwino wa makinawa ndi kukula kwake kochepa, magawo ochepa a makina otumizira, kotero kudalirika kwake kuli bwino kuposa makina ogwirira ntchito otanuka.

Mogwirizana ndi chipangizo chathu choteteza, chizunguliro chathu chogunda chimayambitsa cholumikizira champhamvu cholimba chomwe chimafuna kuti tipereke kugunda kwa mtima.

Chifukwa chake, chosinthira, sungani kuzungulira, sichingayambitsidwe, chitetezo cha kulumpha sichingayambitsidwe (njira yokha ndi kulumpha).

Komabe, ziyenera kudziwika kuti chifukwa cha mphamvu yogwira ntchito ya solid-state relay, kapangidwe ka TW negative kameneka kamalumikizidwa ndi closing circuit, zomwe sizingapangitse solid-state relay kugwira ntchito, koma zingayambitse kuti position relay isayambe chifukwa cha mphamvu yochulukirapo.

1. Silinda yotetezera kutentha pamwamba (yokhala ndi chipinda chozimitsira mpweya chopanda vacuum)

2. Tsekani silinda yotetezera kutentha

3. Chogwirira chotsegulira ndi manja

4. Chassis (njira yogwirira ntchito ya maginito yokhazikika yomangidwa mkati)

Chosinthira magetsi

6. Pansi pa waya

7. Transformer yamagetsi

8. Pa intaneti

Vutoli likachitika m'munda, njira yeniyeni yowunikira ndi kukonza zinthu ikuwoneka mu gawo la nkhani yokonza zolakwika m'pepala lino, pali mafotokozedwe atsatanetsatane.

Palinso zinthu zopangidwa ndi makina ogwiritsira ntchito maginito okhazikika ku China, koma khalidwe lake silinali loyenera kale. M'zaka zaposachedwapa, khalidweli lakhala likugulitsidwa pang'onopang'ono pamsika. Poganizira mtengo wake, makina ogwiritsira ntchito maginito okhazikika a m'nyumba nthawi zambiri alibe mphamvu, ndipo mphamvu yamagetsi imaperekedwa mwachindunji ndi basi yotseka.

Njira yathu yogwirira ntchito imayendetsedwa ndi cholumikizira choyimitsa (mtundu wamakono wosankhidwa nthawi zambiri), kugwira ndi kuletsa kulumpha nthawi zambiri kumatha kuyambika.

5.FS mtundu wa "switch" ndi zina

Zomwe tatchula pamwambapa ndi ma circuit breaker (omwe amadziwikanso kuti ma switch), koma tingakumane ndi zomwe ogwiritsa ntchito amatcha ma FS switch mu power plant construction. FS switch kwenikweni ndi chidule cha load switch + fast fuse.

Popeza switch ndi yokwera mtengo kwambiri, FS circuit iyi imagwiritsidwa ntchito kusunga ndalama. Mphamvu yamagetsi yanthawi zonse imachotsedwa ndi switch yokweza, ndipo mphamvu yamagetsi yamagetsi imachotsedwa ndi fuse yachangu.

Mtundu uwu wa dera umapezeka kwambiri mu makina opangira magetsi a 6kV. Chitetezo chogwirizana ndi dera lotere nthawi zambiri chimafunika kuti chiletse kugwedezeka kapena kuti magetsi osakanikirana achotsedwe mwachangu pochedwa pamene mphamvu yolakwika ndi yayikulu kuposa mphamvu yololedwa ya switch yonyamula katundu. Ogwiritsa ntchito ena amagetsi sangafune kuteteza chingwe chogwirira.

Chifukwa cha khalidwe loipa la switch, cholumikizira chothandizira sichingakhalepo, ndipo dera losungira likayamba, liyenera kudalira cholumikizira chothandizira chotsegula kuti chitsegule chisanabwerere, apo ayi mphamvu yotseka yodumpha idzawonjezedwa ku cholumikizira chotseka chodumpha mpaka cholumikizira chitatha.

Chophimba chotseka cha jump chimapangidwa kuti chizigwira ntchito kwa kanthawi kochepa. Ngati mphamvu yamagetsi yawonjezeredwa kwa nthawi yayitali, imakhala yosavuta kuzima. Ndipo tikufunadi kukhala ndi chizunguliro chogwirizira, apo ayi zimakhala zosavuta kuwotcha zolumikizira zoteteza.

Zachidziwikire, ngati wogwiritsa ntchito m'munda akulimbikira, kuzungulira kogwirira kumathanso kuchotsedwa. Nthawi zambiri, njira yosavuta ndikudula chingwe pa bolodi la circuit chomwe chimasunga kulumikizana kotseguka kwa relay ndi mkazi wowongolera wabwino.

Mu tsamba lokonza zolakwika, muyenera kusamala, ngati choyatsira ndi kuzimitsa chikugwira ntchito, chizindikiro cha malo chili chozimitsidwa. (kupatula kasupe si mphamvu yosungidwa, momwemo gulu likuwonetsa kuti kasupe si mphamvu yosungidwa) Mphamvu yowongolera iyenera kuzimitsidwa nthawi yomweyo kuti isayatse choyatsira. Ili ndi mfundo yoyambira kukumbukira nthawi yomweyo.