Kusankha ndi Kusankha Malo Olumikizirana a Chingwe cha High Voltage

1) 110 ~ 220kV pulagi chingwe cholumikizira

Pogwiritsira ntchito zida zophatikizana za GIS, transformer kapena GIS nthawi zina imatulutsidwa kuchokera ku transformer kapena GIS mwachindunji ndi chingwe chamagetsi amphamvu m'malo mwa bushing yachikhalidwe. Pali mitundu yambiri ya ma terminal a zida zamagetsi amphamvu, kusankha GIS yoyenera, kuyika transformer ndi chingwe, kuyesa ndi kugwiritsa ntchito ndi kukonza mtsogolo ndikofunikira kwambiri.

1.1 Mtundu wa chipangizo cholumikizira

Choyatsira chingwe pazida zamagetsi amphamvu kwambiri chimagwiritsidwa ntchito pokonza makina ochapira chingwe ndi kulumikizana kwa magetsi ndi transformer kapena GIS combined appliance body. Epoxy sleeve pa chingwe choyatsira chingwe imaletsa mafuta oteteza kapena mpweya wa SF6 kulowa m'thupi la chingwe. Pofuna kuthetsa vuto la magetsi oteteza chingwe mu epoxy resin casing cavity, njira yachikhalidwe ndikudzaza casing cavity ndi mafuta kapena mpweya wa SF6. Chipangizo choyatsira chingwe chamtunduwu chimatchedwa mtundu wodzazidwa ndi mafuta (kapena wopumira), womwe umadziwikanso kuti wet type. Njira yake yochapira sigwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri, nthawi zambiri imadzazidwa ndi mafuta.

Cholumikizira cha zida zonyowa zodzazidwa ndi mafuta chiyenera kumaliza kulumikizana ndi kukhazikitsa kwamagetsi ndi makina ndi chosungiramo cholowera chingwe chomwe chili pamalopo. Pa ntchito yoyesa ndi kukhazikitsa, ogwira ntchito a wopanga zida zamagetsi ayenera kugwirizana kuti amalize kuyitanitsa ndi kutulutsa mpweya (mafuta) ndi ntchito zina za chosungiramo cholowera chingwe, ndipo njira yogwirira ntchito ndi yovuta kwambiri. Ma terminal ena odzaza mafuta amalumikizidwa ndi chopumira (chokhala ndi ntchito yofanana ndi pilo yamafuta yofanana ndi transformer); Ena amafunikanso kugwiritsa ntchito njira yochotsera vacuum kuti alowetse mafuta mu epoxy resin casing, ndizosasangalatsa kwambiri. Chithunzi chomwe chili pansipa chikuwonetsa cholumikizira cha chingwe cha 110kV chodzazidwa ndi mafuta chomwe chikuyenera kuyikidwa pa chipangizo cholumikizidwa ndi GIS.

Mtundu wina wa chingwe cholumikizira chamagetsi champhamvu kwambiri pokonza kapangidwe kake, utomoni wa epoxy umagwiritsidwa ntchito popanga pamwamba pa mkati mwa chitoliro popanda kulumikizana ndi malo olumikizirana ndipo utomoni wabwino kwambiri umagawidwa bwino ndi mzere wamagetsi, popanda chitoliro kupita ku mafuta odzaza a epoxy (gasi) kuti athetse vuto la kutchinjiriza kwamagetsi m'mimba mwake, mtundu uwu wa chipangizo cholumikizira chimatchedwa zida zouma.
Chingwe chouma chokhala ndi magetsi ambiri chilibe mafuta ndipo chili mkati mwake, kotero malo a chingwecho sali oletsedwa, ndipo kulumikizana pakati pa chingwe ndi chipangizo chophatikizana cha GIS kapena transformer kumatha kuchitika mosinthasintha m'njira zosiyanasiyana malinga ndi zosowa za malowo.
Chithunzi chotsatirachi chikuwonetsa chingwe chouma chosonkhanitsidwa kuchokera pansi pa chidebe cholowera chingwe chomwe chili mbali ya transformer.

Malinga ndi makhalidwe a msonkhano wa ma terminal a chingwe chouma champhamvu kwambiri, akhoza kugawidwa m'magulu atatu.
Mtundu woyamba ndi mtundu wamba, womwe ndi epoxy resin casing ndi chingwe, kukhazikitsa ndi kuyesa stress cone integral.
Njira yokhazikitsira m'munda ndi yofanana ndi njira yonyowa, kupatula kuti chivundikirocho sichinadzazidwe ndi mafuta (gasi).
Pa ntchito yoyesa ndi kukhazikitsa, ikufunikabe antchito a wopanga zida zamagetsi amphamvu kuti agwirizane ndi munda kuti amalize ntchito yochapira ndi kutulutsa mafuta (mafuta) mu nyumba yosungiramo zinthu zolowera chingwe, ndipo njira yogwirira ntchito ndi kuyika konsekonse ndizovuta kwambiri.
Mtundu wachiwiri ndi mtundu wa pulagi, momwe epoxy resin sleeve ya chingwe cholumikizira chingwe imatha kuyikidwa padera pa chingwe ndi stress cone, koma singayesedwe padera.
Chipangizo chotseka masika chimayikidwa pa ndodo yoyendetsera magetsi yomwe imakokedwa ku core ya chingwe. Pamene mapeto a chingwe alowetsedwa mu epoxy sleeve pamalo pake, chipangizo chotseka masika chimatuluka chokha ndikutseka mapeto a chingwe mu epoxy sleeve kuti chisagwe.
Akangoyika, mapeto a chingwe cha mtundu uwu wa chingwe sangachotsedwenso.
Njira yokhazikitsira chingwe cholumikizira ndi yofanana ndi ya chipangizo choyamba. Mwachitsanzo, pa zipangizo zolumikizidwa za GIS, chogwirira cha epoxy resin chikhoza kuyikidwa pa CABLE inlet bin ya GIS pasadakhale mufakitale. Chogwirira cha epoxy resin chikhoza kusiyanitsa mpweya wa SF6 womwe uli mu chogwirira cha chingwe kuchokera kunja, zomwe zimachepetsa ntchito yogwirira ntchito ya wopanga pamalopo.
Komabe, pakabuka mavuto pa mayeso a chingwe ndipo akufunika kuthetsedwa, ndikofunikirabe kuyika mafuta mu chingwe ndikutulutsa mpweya womwe uli mu chingwecho mu chidebe cha chingwe.
Kuphatikiza apo, pamene ma terminal a chingwe cholumikizira akugwiritsidwa ntchito mu ma transformer, kukhazikitsa kwawo ndi ntchito yoyesera imakhala yofanana ndi ma terminal a chingwe chachikhalidwe cha kalasi 1.
Chithunzi chotsatirachi chikuwonetsa chingwe cholumikizira chomwe chalumikizidwa mu chipangizo cha GIS.

Mtundu wachitatu ndi pulagi ndi kukoka chingwe cholumikizira, chivundikiro, chingwe, ndi chisokonezo cholumikizira zitha kuyikidwa padera, komanso zitha kuyesedwa padera;
Mutu wa chingwe ukhoza kulowetsedwa kapena kutulutsidwa.
Kapangidwe kake ndi kosavuta kwambiri, komanso kosavuta kukhazikitsa.
Ma terminal a chingwe olumikizidwa amagawidwanso m'magulu awiri omwe amatha kugwiritsidwanso ntchito komanso omwe sangathe kugwiritsidwanso ntchito.
Cholumikizira chingwe chomwe chingakonzedwenso pochotsa ziwalo za pulagi yomaliza ya chingwe chimatchedwa cholumikizira chingwe chogwiritsidwanso ntchito; apo ayi, ndi cholumikizira chingwe chosagwiritsidwanso ntchito.
Kukhazikitsa kwa pulagi-mu chingwe cholumikizira kuli ndi makhalidwe awa:
(1) Chikwama cha epoxy resin chikhoza kuyikidwa ndikulumikizidwa ku GIS kapena transformer pasadakhale, ndipo chikhoza kuyesedwa ndi GIS kapena transformer nthawi yomweyo;
(2) ingomalizani kusonkhanitsa gawo la mutu wa chingwe pamalopo;
(3) chingwecho chikhoza kuyesedwa padera ndi chogwirira choyesera, popanda mgwirizano wa opanga zida;
(4) Mukapambana mayeso, ikani chingwecho mu epoxy resin casing, ndipo malizitsani kukhazikitsa mutatha kukhazikitsa waya wothira pansi.
Chithunzi chotsatirachi chikuwonetsa chithunzi cha terminal yokhazikika yolumikizidwa.

Cholumikizira chingwe cholumikizira ndi bokosi la GIS chingagwiritsidwe ntchito kupanga cholumikizira cha "T-type" cha chingwecho.
Chithunzi 5 chikuwonetsa cholumikizira cha chingwe cha "T" chomwe chayikidwa mu ngalande, chomwe chingathe kulowetsa chimodzi mkati ndi ziwiri kunja kwa chingwecho.
Imatha kugwira ntchito zotsatirazi mosavuta: (1) Pamene mzere wotuluka ukufunika kuwonjezeredwa pakusintha kwa malo akale osinthira, kulumikizana kwa mtundu wa "T" kumatha kupewa kuwonjezera nthawi ya GIS;
(2) Pakati pa chingwe, kugwiritsa ntchito mawaya amtundu wa “T” kungapereke mphamvu mosavuta kwa ogwiritsa ntchito atsopano;
③ Ngati pali chingwe chotulutsira madzi cha nthawi yayitali koma sichinakwaniritse zofunikira, simungathe kukhazikitsa chingwe chotulutsira madzi ndikugwiritsa ntchito malo otulutsira madzi a mtundu wa "T" ndikuyika pulagi yapadera yotetezera kutentha, chingwe chachikulu chingagwiritsidwe ntchito;
④ Zingwe ziwiri zikayikidwa motsatizana kuchokera ku siteshoni yolumikizira magetsi kwa nthawi yayitali, zimakhala zosavuta kusankha chotulutsira chingwe chimodzi ndikugwiritsa ntchito njira yolumikizira ya "T" popereka magetsi pamalo olumikizira magetsi.
Kuphatikiza apo, ngati chingwe chimodzi mwa zitatu zogwirira ntchito zolumikizidwa ndi "T" chalephera, chingwe cholakwikacho chikhoza kuchotsedwa ndipo zingwe zina ziwiri zimatha kupitiliza kugwira ntchito mutakhazikitsa pulagi yapadera yotetezera kutentha.

1.2 Kuyerekeza magwiridwe antchito ndi mfundo yosankha malo olumikizira zida zamagetsi amphamvu kwambiri
Ma terminal a chingwe chamagetsi okwera kwambiri omwe ali ndi mayeso okhwima amagetsi, amatha kukwaniritsa zofunikira za muyezo wadziko lonse wa IEC60859, pomwe ma terminal a chingwe ali ndi mawonekedwe osiyanasiyana, mayeso, ntchito, kukonza, ndi kukonza zolakwika.
Cholumikizira chingwe chiyenera kukhala ndi mphamvu zamagetsi zofanana, kutentha kogwira ntchito komanso nthawi yogwiritsira ntchito chingwe chomwe chasankhidwa.
Kapangidwe ka chingwe cha chingwe kayenera kuonetsetsa kuti magetsi akufalikira bwino komanso kupewa kuchepetsa kutentha.
Mwachidule, ili ndi mbali izi:
(1) Kugwira ntchito kwa magetsi.
Chofunika kwambiri ndichakuti kaya kugawa kwa magetsi pazowonjezera za chingwe kuli koyenera, ngati njira zowongolera kugawa kwa magetsi kuli koyenera, mphamvu yamagetsi ya zipangizo, kutayika kwa dielectric ndi malire a insulation a zinthu, ndi zina zotero.
Nthawi yomweyo, ndikofunikira kuganizira kukhazikika kwa zinthu zamagetsi, kuphatikizapo mankhwala ndi zinthu zakuthupi komanso kukhazikika kwa kapangidwe ka zinthu zowonjezera chingwe.
Mwachitsanzo, ngati magwiridwe antchito a zida zowongolera kupsinjika ndi okhazikika, ngati khosi la kupsinjika ndi losavuta kusokoneza, mphamvu ya kubweza kwa kutenthetsa kwa chingwe pa kufalikira kwa magetsi a zowonjezera za chingwe ndi njira zodzitetezera, kuyanjana kwa zipangizo zosiyanasiyana, kukhazikika kwa mawonekedwe a mawonekedwe, ndi zina zotero.
Kuphatikiza apo, magwiridwe antchito a kutentha kwa zowonjezera za chingwe ayeneranso kuganiziridwa, monga kutayika kwa dielectric, kukana kukhudzana kwa kulumikizana kwa conductor ndi kukhazikika kwake, kutulutsidwa kwa kutentha, kufutukuka ndi kupindika kwa kutentha pa mphamvu zamagetsi ndi zamakaniko za gawo lililonse.
(2) Kugwira ntchito kotseka.
Kutseka magwiridwe antchito osanyowa kumakhudza mwachindunji magwiridwe antchito amagetsi ndi nthawi yogwiritsira ntchito zida za chingwe.
Kapangidwe ka kusindikiza kwa terminal ndi kodalirika komanso kokhazikika.

(3) Kapangidwe ka makina.
Cholumikiziracho chiyenera kukhala ndi kupindika kokwanira komanso kukana kugwedezeka.
(4) Kugwira ntchito kwa ndondomeko.
Kugwira ntchito bwino kwa njira imeneyi ndi chinthu chofunikira kwambiri pakupanga ndi kusankha zowonjezera za chingwe. Njira yokhazikitsira iyenera kukhala yosavuta momwe ingathere, yosavuta pomanga malo, ndipo nthawi yomanga iyenera kukhala yochepa.
Zogulitsa zapamwamba sizidalira zofunikira pa malo ogwirira ntchito komanso luso la ogwira ntchito yokhazikitsa;
Ubwino wokhazikitsa ndi wosavuta kuwongolera, khalidwe lodalirika ndi zina zotero.
Kukhazikitsa ma terminal a chingwe kumatha kuchitika paokha popanda kugwirizana kwa mafuta ndi mpweya pakati pa opanga transformer kapena GIS, ndipo ubwino wa kukhazikitsa ukhoza kutsimikizika mosavuta.
(5) Yoyenera zofunikira pa polojekitiyi.
Mitundu yambiri ya zowonjezera chingwe ili ndi makhalidwe akeake, kusankha zowonjezera chingwe kuyenera kusankhidwa malinga ndi zofunikira zenizeni zogwiritsira ntchito.
(6) Dongosolo lotsimikizira khalidwe la wopanga.
Zipangizo zomangira chingwe zokonzedwa kale zikachoka ku fakitale, wopanga amapereka zida ndi zinthu monga zida zomangira rabara zokonzedwa kale, ma cone omangira opangidwa kale, manja a porcelain, zipolopolo ndi zopumira, zomwe zimasonkhanitsidwa m'malo olumikizirana kapena malo olumikizirana panthawi yokhazikitsa pamalopo.
Ubwino wa kupanga ndi njira yokhazikitsira gawo lililonse zimakhudza mwachindunji ubwino wa zowonjezera za chingwe.
Pulogalamu yotsimikizira khalidweli iyenera kuphatikizapo zotsatirazi: ① Kuyesa kwa fakitale kuyenera kuchitika mosamala pazigawo zofunika kwambiri (monga cone ya rabara, sleeve ya GIS epoxy resin, chothandizira kuyikamo, ndi zina zotero).
Yang'anani mosamala ngati zida zoyesera ndi zoyezera zili zodalirika, njira zoyesera ndi zothandiza, ogwira ntchito yoyesera ali ophunzitsidwa bwino ndipo zolemba zoyesera zatha;
(2) Ngati ogwira ntchito yokhazikitsa ndi yomanga omwe atumizidwa ndi wopanga ali ndi maphunziro okhwima komanso odziwa bwino ntchito yomanga;
(3) Ngati mgwirizano pakati pa madipatimenti osiyanasiyana a wopanga uli bwino;
(4) Zolemba zakale zogulitsa ndi ntchito.
Posankha malo olumikizira chingwe, mayeso ndi kukonza pambuyo pomanga chingwe ndi mayeso ndi kukonza cholakwika cha chingwe ziyenera kuganiziridwa mokwanira. Ziyenera kukhala zosavuta kuzindikira mayeso ndi kukonza kwa chingwe, transformer ndi GIS popanda kusokonezana.
Zachidziwikire, kusinthasintha, kugwiritsidwanso ntchito, kusakonza, kapangidwe kakang'ono komanso mtengo wazinthu zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito pa ma terminal a chingwe ndi zinthu zofunika kwambiri zomwe ziyenera kuganiziridwa posankha.

Chingwe cha pulagi cha plug cha 10 ~ 35kV chachiwiri, cholumikizira
2.1 Mtundu wa chipangizo cholumikizira
Pali mitundu yambiri ya ma cable plug heads, omwe nthawi zambiri amagawidwa m'mitundu ya ku America ndi ku Europe.
Ntchito yaikulu ya pulagi ya chingwe ndikulumikiza chingwe cha gawo limodzi kapena la magawo atatu ndi kabati yosinthira, transformer, kabati ya netiweki yozungulira, bokosi lopopera chingwe ndi zida zina zamagetsi.
Pangani pulagi isanayambe ndi pambuyo pake, pulagi isanayambe ndi pambuyo pake ku ontology ya pulagi ku kapangidwe ka chubu cha T, chubu cha T cha dzenje lopingasa ndi dzenje loyima, pulagi, pulagi isanayambe ndi pambuyo pake pulagi isanayambe ndi pambuyo pake, pulagi, pulagi isanayambe ndi pambuyo pake pulagi isanayambe ndi pambuyo pake, phatikizani dzenje loyima ndi ma terminal a waya, pamwamba pa mzere wokanikiza terminal ili ndi kupanikizika,
Chipangizo cholumikizira chimayikidwa m'bowo lopingasa la pulagi yakutsogolo ndi pulagi yakumbuyo, ndipo chipangizo cholumikizira chimalumikizidwa ndi doko lokanikiza waya, ndipo cholumikizira waya chimalumikizidwa ndi chingwe.
Zolumikizira ndi mapulagi akutsogolo ndi akumbuyo zimapangidwa kale m'fakitale, zimasinthasintha kulowa ndi kutuluka, zimakhala zochepa, zimakhala ndi kapangidwe kakang'ono, njira yosavuta yoyikira, zimakhala zotetezeka kwambiri, zingagwiritsidwe ntchito mu kabati yosinthira ndi chingwe ndi malo ena, zoyenera kuyikidwa mkati kapena panja.

Mutu wa chingwe uli ndi mayina ambiri otchulira, chigongono, chigongono cha T, chingwe cholekanitsidwa ndi mayina ena ambiri.
Kawirikawiri, kalasi yamagetsi iyenera kukhala yochuluka mu 10kV ndi 35kV, ndipo chitsanzo chogwiritsira ntchito nthawi zambiri chimagawidwa m'mitundu ya ku Ulaya ndi ku America.
Kusiyana kwakukulu pakati pa kapangidwe ka busbar yaku America ndi ku Europe ndi mutu wa chingwe ndi kosiyana, kapangidwe kopingasa ka ku America, kapangidwe koyima ka ku Europe.
Chithunzi chomwe chili pansipa ndi cha ku Ulaya.

Mutu wa pulagi ya chingwe cha ku Europe umalumikizidwa ndi mtundu wa bolt yoteteza;
Ndi yoyenera makabati osinthira mphete, bokosi logawa chingwe, malo olowera ndi otulutsira a mtundu wa bokosi (chingwe chamagetsi cholumikizidwa ndi mtanda), komanso kulumikizana kwa ulusi wa chitoliro chotenthetsera kawiri.
Gawo lakunja lili ndi gawo loteteza lomwe limatha kukhudzidwa kuti litsimikizire chitetezo cha munthu;
Kapangidwe kapadera ka stress cone kamabalalitsa bwino mphamvu yamagetsi ndikuthetsa kudula kwa chingwe chotchingira;
Vuto la kupsinjika kwa magetsi;
Kutambasuka, kusinthasintha kwa kusokoneza ndi kusonkhanitsa, kumatha kumaliza kulumikizana kwa chingwe cha mtundu wa "T";
Mpweya wokwanira, woteteza bwino, woteteza bwino, wopanda kukonza, woletsa kusefukira kwa madzi, komanso woletsa kuipitsa.