Choletsa Zinki Oxide

Choletsa Zinki Oxidendicholetsa mphezindi chitetezo chabwino.

TheCholetsa Zinc Oxidendi chitetezo chapamwamba kwambiri padziko lonse lapansi chomwe chimateteza magetsi ambiri. Izi zimachitika chifukwa cha kuphatikiza kwa azinc oxidewomangiramonga core resistor discoIzi zimathandiza kusintha kwa makhalidwe a volt-ampere a resistor disc komanso kuwonjezeka kwa mphamvu ya through-current mu over-voltage situations zomwe ndi kusintha kwakukulu poyerekeza ndi silicon carbide yachikhalidwe.omanga.Pansi pa voteji yogwira ntchito yachibadwa, mphamvu yamagetsi kudzera mu arrester ndi digiri imodzi yokha ya micro-ampere.womangiraikakumana ndi vuto la magetsi apakati, makhalidwe abwino kwambiri osalunjika adzawonjezera mphamvu yamagetsi kudzera mu chotchinga nthawi zikwizikwi.womangiraIli mu mkhalidwe woyendetsa ndipo idzatulutsa mphamvu ya over-voltage padziko lapansi motero idzateteza zida zotumizira mphamvu ku zotsatira za over-voltage.

Choletsa zinki oxidendi mtundu watsopano wa chomangira chomwe chinapangidwa m'ma 1970, chomwe chimapangidwa makamaka ndi varistor ya zinc oxide. Varistor iliyonse imakhala ndi voltage yake yosinthira (yotchedwa varistor voltage) kuyambira nthawi yomwe imapangidwa. Pansi pa voltage yogwira ntchito yachizolowezi (ndiko kuti, yocheperako kuposa voltage ya varistor), mtengo wa varistor ndi waukulu kwambiri, womwe ndi wofanana ndi mkhalidwe wa insulation. Koma pansi pa voltage yokhudza (yoposa voltage ya varistor), varistor imasweka pamtengo wotsika, womwe ndi wofanana ndi mkhalidwe wa short-circuit. Komabe, varistor ikagundidwa, imatha kubwezeretsa mkhalidwe wa insulation; Voltage pamwamba pa varistor ikachotsedwa, imabwerera ku mkhalidwe wokana kwambiri. Chifukwa chake, ngati chomangira cha zinc oxide chayikidwa pa chingwe chamagetsi, mphezi ikagunda, voltage yayikulu ya mafunde a mphezi imapangitsa varistor kusweka, ndipo mphamvu ya mphezi imadutsa mu varistor kupita padziko lapansi. Voltage yomwe ili pa chingwe chamagetsi imatha kulamulidwa mkati mwa malo otetezeka, kuti iteteze chitetezo cha zida zamagetsi.

Makhalidwe asanu ndi awiri a zinc oxide arrester:

Kuchuluka kwa kuyenda

Izi zimaonekera makamaka mu mphezi arrester ali ndi mphamvu yoyamwa mitundu yonse ya mphezi overvoltage, mphamvu pafupipafupi overvoltage ndi ntchito overvoltage.

Katundu woteteza

Chogwirizira cha zinc oxide chimagwiritsidwa ntchito kuteteza mitundu yonse ya zida zamagetsi mu dongosolo lamagetsi ku kuwonongeka kwa magetsi, chili ndi magwiridwe antchito abwino oteteza. Chifukwa cha mawonekedwe abwino a voltammetry a pepala la zinc oxide valve, ma microamps ochepa okha amagetsi amadutsa pansi pa magetsi wamba, ndikosavuta kupanga kapangidwe kopanda mipata, kotero kuti kali ndi mawonekedwe abwino oteteza, kulemera kopepuka komanso kukula kochepa. Mphamvu yamagetsi ikalowa, mphamvu yamagetsi yomwe ikuyenda mu mbale ya valve imawonjezeka mwachangu, ndikuchepetsa kutalika kwa mphamvu yamagetsi ndikutulutsa mphamvu yamagetsi yamagetsi. Pambuyo pake, mbale ya valve ya zinc oxide imabwezeretsa mkhalidwe wotsutsa kwambiri kuti makina amagetsi azigwira ntchito bwino.

Kugwira ntchito kosindikiza

Zipangizo zomangira mphezi zomwe zimagwira ntchito bwino pokalamba, mpweya wabwino wothina bwino wa coating coat yapamwamba, pogwiritsa ntchito njira yowongolera kukanikiza mphete yotsekera ndi sealant yokutidwa ndi zinthu zina, ceramic coat ngati zinthu zomangira, kuti zitsimikizire kutseka kodalirika, kuti ntchito ya lighting boaster ikhale yokhazikika.

Kapangidwe ka makina a

Zinthu zitatu zotsatirazi zimaganiziridwa makamaka: mphamvu ya chivomerezi yoti munthu azitha kupirira;

Kuthamanga kwakukulu kwa mphepo pa chogwirira;

Pamwamba pa chogwiriracho pali mphamvu yovomerezeka kwambiri ya waya.

Katundu wochotsa kuipitsidwa

Choletsa zinc oxide chosapanga gap chili ndi mphamvu yolimbana ndi kuipitsa mpweya.

Mtunda weniweni wa zokwawa zomwe zafotokozedwa ndi muyezo wa dziko lonse ndi: Malo odetsedwa apakati a Gulu II: mtunda weniweni wa zokwawa 20mm/ kV;

Malo oipitsidwa kwambiri a Gulu III: mtunda wokhawokha wa 25mm/ kV;

Gulu IV malo odetsedwa kwambiri: mtunda wokhawokha wa 31mm/kV.

Kudalirika kwambiri pakugwira ntchito

Kudalirika kwa ntchito ya nthawi yayitali kumadalira mtundu wa zinthuzo komanso kusankha bwino kwa zinthuzo. Chikoka cha mtundu wa zinthu zake makamaka chili ndi zinthu zitatu izi: kumveka bwino kwa kapangidwe kake konse kogwirira mphezi; Makhalidwe a voltammetric ndi kukana kukalamba kwa valavu ya zinc oxide; Kutseka magwiridwe antchito a chogwirira mphezi.

Kulekerera mafupipafupi a mphamvu

Chifukwa cha mphamvu monga kukhazikika kwa gawo limodzi, mphamvu yayitali komanso kukana katundu ndi zifukwa zina, zimayambitsa kuwonjezeka kwa mphamvu yamagetsi kapena kupanga mphamvu yopitilira muyeso, choletsa mphezi chimakhala ndi nthawi yoti chipirire kukwera kwa mphamvu yamagetsi.

Ntchito

Mtundu uliwonse wa chomangira uli ndi ubwino ndi makhalidwe ake, ndipo uyenera kugwiritsidwa ntchito m'malo osiyanasiyana kuti ukhale ndi mphamvu yabwino yotetezera kutentha. Pansi pa mphamvu yovomerezeka, chomangira chimakhala chofanana ndi chomangira kutentha ndipo sichidzachitapo kanthu. Pakagwa vuto kapena mphamvu yokwera yamagetsi, chomangira magetsi chidzagwira ntchito ndikutsogolera mphamvu yamagetsi pansi kuti chiteteze bwino zida zamagetsi.

Kugawa

Malinga ndi mulingo wa voltage

Zinc oxide arresters zimagawidwa malinga ndi mtengo wamagetsi wovomerezeka ndipo zitha kugawidwa m'magulu atatu:

Gulu la magetsi amphamvu kwambiri: Limatanthauza mndandanda wa zinc oxide arresters pamwamba pa 66KV, zomwe zingagawidwe m'magulu asanu ndi awiri: 1000kV, 750kV, 500kV, 330kV, 220kV, 110kV, ndi 66kV.

Gulu la magetsi apakati: Limatanthauza zinthu zomangira zinc oxide zomwe zimakhala ndi mphamvu kuyambira 3kV mpaka 66kV (kupatula zinthu zomangira za 66kV), zomwe zitha kugawidwa m'magawo anayi amagetsi: 3kV, 6kV, 10kV, ndi 35KV.

Gulu la magetsi otsika: Limatanthauza zinthu zotsalira za zinc oxide zomwe zili pansi pa 3KV (kupatula zinthu zotsalira za 3kV), zomwe zitha kugawidwa m'magawo anayi amagetsi: 1kV, 0.5kV, 0.38kV, ndi 0.22kV.

Malinga ndi kutulutsidwa kwamadzina

Malinga ndi mphamvu yotulutsa madzi m'thupi, zinc oxide arresters zingagawidwe m'magulu asanu: 20, 10, 5, 2.5, 1.5kA.

Malinga ndigwiritsani ntchito

Zinki oxide arresters zitha kugawidwa m'mitundu isanu ndi iwiri malinga ndi momwe zimagwiritsidwira ntchito: mtundu wa system circuit, mtundu wa system power station, mtundu wa system distribution, shunt compensation capacitor bank protection type, electrical rail type, motor and motor neutral point type, transformer neutral point type.

Malinga ndi kapangidwe kake

Zinki oxide zomangira zitha kugawidwa m'magulu awiri malinga ndi kapangidwe kake.

Choletsa kuipitsidwa kwa zinc oxide chingagawidwe m'magulu anayi malinga ndi momwe zimagwirira ntchito polimbana ndi kuipitsidwa kwa mpweya. Kalasi ⅰ ndi mtundu wamba, Kalasi ⅱ imagwiritsidwa ntchito m'dera lapakati loipitsidwa (mtunda weniweni wa creepage 20mm/KV), Kalasi ⅲ imagwiritsidwa ntchito m'dera loipitsidwa kwambiri (mtunda weniweni wa creepage 25mm/KV), ndipo kalasi ⅳ imagwiritsidwa ntchito m'dera loipitsidwa kwambiri (mtunda weniweni wa creepage 31mm/KV).

Chovala chophatikiza: Chovala chophatikizana cha zinc oxide arrester chimapangidwa ndi zinthu za silicone monga chovala, ndipo kusankha pepala lolimba la zinc oxide resistance sheet logwira ntchito bwino, lomwe limagwiritsidwa ntchito mkati mwa kapangidwe kake kapadera, komwe kamasonkhanitsidwa ndi ukadaulo wapamwamba, kuli ndi ubwino wowirikiza wa zinthu za silicone rabara ndi pepala lolimba la zinc oxide. Kuphatikiza pa zabwino zonse za chogwirira cha zinc oxide cha porcelain, zinthu zingapo zimakhala ndi kutchinjiriza bwino, kukana kuipitsidwa kwambiri, magwiridwe antchito abwino osaphulika komanso kukula kochepa, kulemera kopepuka, kusakonza, kusakhala kosavuta kuwonongeka, kusindikiza kodalirika, kukana kukalamba bwino ndi zabwino zina.

Malinga ndi momwe kapangidwe kake kagwirira ntchito

Chogwirizira cha zinc oxide chingagawidwe m'magulu atatu malinga ndi kapangidwe ndi magwiridwe antchito: palibe chilolezo (W), chokhala ndi chilolezo cha mndandanda (C), chokhala ndi chilolezo chofanana (B).

1. Kale, kusankha ndi kuipa kwa zomangira mphezi zomwe zinkangoganizira za kuchuluka kwa mphamvu zamagetsi ndi mphamvu zamagetsi zamagetsi

Muyezo wa dziko lonse ukunena kuti magetsi a malo operekera magetsi a dongosololi ayenera kukhala okwera pang'ono kuposa K kuposa magetsi wamba (kapena magetsi ovoteledwa) Un a dongosololi, ndiko kuti, K=Um/Un (Um ndiye magetsi apamwamba kwambiri a dongosololi). Kuteteza kwa zida zamagetsi kuyenera kugwira ntchito kwa nthawi yayitali pansi pa Un. K ya makina a 220kV ndi pansi pake ndi 1.15, ndipo ya makina a 330kV ndi pamwamba pake, K=1.1. Mfundo zomwe zatchulidwazi zikuwonetsedwanso mu gawo loyambirira la kapangidwe ka arrester.

2. Kusankha ndi kufunikira kwa choletsa mphezi kuti zitsimikizire kuti zikugwira ntchito pansi pa mphamvu yamagetsi ya gawo limodzi komanso chitetezo cha makina amagetsi

Poganizira za ntchito yotetezeka, kusankha mphamvu yovotera ya arrester kuyeneranso kutsatira mfundo zotsatirazi:

(1) Voltage yovomerezeka ya zinc oxide arrester iyenera kukhala yokwera kuposa voltage ya transient frequency frequency yomwe ingawonekere pakuyiyika. Mu neutral grounding system ya 110kV ndi kupitirira apo, ikhoza kusankhidwa malinga ndi njira yomwe ili pamwambapa.

(2) mu 110 kv ndi pansi pa neutral indirect grounding system, dipatimenti yamagetsi imalamulira pansi pa mkhalidwe wa single-phase grounding yomwe imaloledwa kuthamanga maola awiri, ndipo nthawi zina ngakhale yopangidwa mu intermittent arc grounding overvoltage run over 2 h kuti ipeze cholakwika, mtundu uwu wa machitidwe a machitidwe a zinc oxide lightning arrester operation safe under rated voltage 10 s ndi chiwopsezo chachikulu. Ndipo zinc oxide arrester ndi SiC arrester structure, kapangidwe kake ndi kosiyana (komaliza ndi gap arc extinction, yoyamba ilibe gap kapena disparation gap yokha), kotero kuti muzochita zinc oxide arrester kutentha kugwa komanso ngozi zazikulu kuphulika. Pokumana ndi vutoli, mabungwe ambiri opangira magetsi ndi mabungwe opanga magetsi amapereka mitundu yambiri ya ma voltage ovoteledwa (monga 14.4kV, 14.7kV, etc.) malinga ndi momwe magetsi akumaloko alili. Mu mayeso a action load a mapepala angapo okambirana mdziko lonse, kulekerera kwa voltage yovoteledwa ya 10s kumawonjezeka kufika pa 1.2 ~ 1.3 times, kotero kuti kusinthasintha kwa zinc oxide arrester ku neutral point dongosolo losakhazikika pansi mwachindunji lakonzedwa.

Popeza mphamvu yamagetsi ya zinc oxide arrester ndi yotsika kwambiri, arrester idzagwira ntchito pansi pa mphamvu yamagetsi ya single-phase grounding kapena mphamvu zambiri zosakhalitsa. Dipatimenti Yoyang'anira ndi Kukonza Zopanga ya Unduna wa Zamagetsi idapereka lingaliro lokonzanso arrester kale mu lipoti la 17 la chitetezo la pa 30 Okutobala 1993.

Mu nthawi yosinthira pakati pa kulengeza ndi kusintha kwa muyezo watsopano, malamulo otsatirawa a kapangidwe kameneka akuperekedwa posankha voltage yoyesedwa ndi voltage yopitilira yogwira ntchito ya zinc oxide arrester mu neutral non-grounded system: voltage yoyesedwa ndi nthawi 1.2-1.3 ya kapangidwe ka voltage yozimitsira SiC arrester arc, ndipo voltage yopitilira yogwira ntchito ndi voltage yapamwamba kwambiri yogwira ntchito ya dongosolo.

Popeza palibe muyezo wogwirizana wa deta yoyambira yomwe ili pamwambapa, padzakhala kusiyana pakati pa wopanga choletsa mphezi ndi wogwiritsa ntchito pakupanga ndi kupanga.

3, kukhazikitsa kope la 2000 la kusankha kwatsopano koyenera, kotetezeka komanso koyenera kwa zenizeni zomangira mphezi

Mu muyezo watsopano wa 2000 wa ku China (GB11032-2000), kusankha kwa voltage yovomerezeka pamwamba pa mfundo ya nthawi 1.2-1.3 kwadziwika, koma kusankha kwa voltage yogwira ntchito mosalekeza kuli ndi njira yatsopano: kuchokera ku chiwonetsero cha moyo wa ntchito yogwira ntchito ya 1.5Un//U1mA ngati mtengo wofotokozera kusankha (kupanga) voltage yogwira ntchito mosalekeza yogwira ntchito. Ndi kapangidwe ndi mulingo wopanga wa chogwirira chamkati, mtengo wamba ndi 80%, kotero voltage yogwira ntchito mosalekeza imasankhidwa ngati nthawi 0.8 ya voltage yovomerezeka. Izi zimathandizidwa ndi dera laling'ono la voltammetry curve.

Chifukwa chake, m'machitidwe, kuchuluka kwa mphamvu zamagetsi zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito pa grounding kwa ola limodzi kuyenera kuganiziridwa pochita kuwerengera kwa ma simulation malinga ndi mikhalidwe inayake kapena kusankha chogwirira magetsi malinga ndi zomwe zachitika komanso zomwe zachitika. Komabe, pali mphamvu zamagetsi zambiri zosiyana pang'ono ndi zomwe zili pamwambapa m'mapangano aukadaulo a ogwiritsa ntchito komanso ngakhale m'mawonekedwe a mabungwe opanga magetsi, zomwe ndikuganiza kuti sizofunikira (monga 16.5kV ndi 16.7kV mu 10kV, ndi zina zotero). Chifukwa chake ndikuti munjira yeniyeni yopangira chogwirira magetsi, mphamvu zamagetsi zomwe zili mu volt-ampere curve zili m'dera laling'ono lamagetsi, lomwe ndi lochepera kuposa mtengo wa U1mAAC, kufunafuna kusiyana kochepa sikungatheke mu kapangidwe kake ka chogwirira magetsi; Kuphatikiza apo, kuchokera pazokambirana zotsatirazi, mogwirizana ndi zofunikira za muyezo watsopano wadziko lonse kuti musankhe kugwiritsa ntchito motetezeka pansi pa mphamvu zamagetsi zomwe zaloledwa (izi zikutanthauza dongosolo lopanda nthaka).

4. Kusankhidwa kwa sayansi kwa chogwirira zinki oxide chosazunguliridwa motsatira muyezo watsopano wa kope la 2000

(1) Voliyumu yovotera iyenera kusankhidwa ndikupangidwa molingana ndi mtengo wokwanira wa voliyumu yamagetsi yamagetsi yovomerezeka yomwe imagwiritsidwa ntchito kuma terminal a arrester, kuti igwire ntchito moyenera pansi pa overvoltage yocheperako yomwe yatsimikiziridwa mu mayeso ofunikira a action load. Voliyumu yogwira ntchito yopitilira iyenera kusankhidwa kuti ilole RMS yosasintha pakati pa ma terminal a arrester. Pakadali pano, voltage yotulutsa ma frequency yamagetsi iyenera kukhala yokwanira kuti ipewe kugwira ntchito kwa insulation ya zida zotetezedwa pansi pa overvoltage yamagetsi popanda chitetezo ndikuwonjezera moyo wautumiki, ndipo mulingo weniweni wa chiwongola dzanja ndi voltage yotsalira ya zinc oxide arrester yopangidwa ku China iyenera kuganiziridwa.

(2) Pamene mphamvu yamagetsi ikukwera kwambiri kapena mphamvu yamagetsi yoyesera kutchinjiriza ya chipangizocho ili yokwera, mphamvu yamagetsi yokwera kwambiri ya zinc oxide arrester iyenera kusankhidwa. Kusankha mphamvu yamagetsi yowunikira mphamvu kuyenera kukhala kofanana kapena kokulirapo kuposa mphamvu yoyesedwa. Mfundo ziwirizi muzofunikira zatsopano za NATIONAL standard zikukwaniritsidwa bwino, kuwerengera kotsatiraku kungapezekenso kuti kukwaniritse zofunikira za overvoltage. Zofunikira za muyezo wa dziko, kuti zitsimikizire kuti ntchito ya single-phase grounding ichitike maola 2 popanda kuchitapo kanthu. Pankhani yovuta kwambiri, pamene single-phase grounding ndi kukana katundu kumachitika nthawi imodzi, overvoltage yayikulu yomwe ingawerengedwe ndi chiphunzitso ndi nthawi 1.99, ndipo voltage yogwira ntchito yopitilira UC (mtengo wogwira ntchito) ya zinc oxide arrester imasankhidwa motere:

Voliyumu yovotera (Ur≈1.25 UC) idasankhidwa malinga ndi mulingo woyikira wa dziko lonse wa 0.8, womwe wonse unakwaniritsa zofunikira. Ngati arc grounding ndi resonant overvoltage yokhala ndi kuthekera kwakukulu kotuluka zigwiritsidwa ntchito, voltage yovoterayo iyenera kukwaniritsa izi: dinani kachiwiri? = 0.8 Sankhani voltage yogwira ntchito mosalekeza, yomwe imakwaniritsanso zofunikira.

Mwachidule, vuto lalikulu la kusankha chogwirizira ndi kudziwa kuchuluka kwa mphamvu yamagetsi yosakhalitsa. Ndikofunikira kuonetsetsa kuti ntchito yotetezeka komanso yolondola ikugwira ntchito bwino kwambiri komanso mopanda mphamvu, komanso kuonetsetsa kuti mbale ya valve sigwira ntchito mopanda mphamvu yosakhalitsa.

Pakadali pano, kusankha mtundu ndi kapangidwe ka chogwirira ntchito kuyenera kuwonetsetsa kuti chogwirira ntchito cha zinc oxide chokwera kwambiri sichikugwira ntchito pamene chikugwiritsidwa ntchito kwa maola awiri, apo ayi chogwirira ntchito cha zinc oxide chidzawoneka ngati kutentha kwagwa kapena ngozi yophulika.

Chifukwa chake, ndikofunikira kusankha makina osakhazikika malinga ndi zofunikira zatsopano.

Koma mu chipangizo cha capacitor choponderezedwa ndi arc, kupondereza kudzakhala kochepa kwambiri, kenako mutha kusankha otsika malinga ndi kuwerengera kothandiza kwa voteji yoyesedwa ndi voteji yopitilira yogwira ntchito kuti mupange zinc oxide lightning arrester action pansi pa overvoltage yogwira ntchito yotsika, chipangizo choteteza capacitor, koma ngati simukufuna, mutha kusankhanso malinga ndi dongosolo lopanda nthaka,

Chifukwa chakuti chotchingira cha capacitor pole kupita ku nthaka chaganiziridwa kuti chikukwaniritsa zofunikira za kukhazikika kwa gawo limodzi kwa maola awiri.

Chogwirira ntchito pamagetsi ochepera kuposa omwe adavoteredwa, chogwirira ntchito sichigwira ntchito ndipo sichidzawononga kwambiri chipangizo cha capacitor.

Zonsezi, chifukwa chakuti mbale za valve za zinc oxide series popanda chilolezo mwachindunji mu mndandanda, mu zinc oxide lightning arrester resistor sizingathe kupirira nthawi zoposa 1.99 kuposa overvoltage, yomwe imayambitsidwa ndi SiC arcing voltage reference reference kusankha zinc oxide lightning arrester rated voltage sikukwaniritsa zofunikira, ikuyembekezeka kukwera kuti iwonetsetse chitetezo cha arrester, monga palibe deta yeniyeni yoyeserera,

Mtengo woyenera womwe uli mu mzimu wa muyezo wa dziko lonse ndi woyenera kwambiri chifukwa umakwaniritsa zofunikira zomwe zili mu malire.