Kusanthula zolakwika ndi njira zothanirana ndi switchgear

Kodi switchgear ndi chiyani?

Switchgear imakhala ndi switchgear imodzi kapena zingapo zotsika mphamvu komanso zowongolera, kuyeza, chizindikiro, chitetezo, malamulo ndi zida zina, ndipo wopanga ndiye amene amayang'anira kulumikizana konse kwamagetsi ndi makina mkati, kusonkhanitsa kwathunthu kwa zigawo za kapangidwe pamodzi. Ntchito yayikulu ya switch cabinet ndikutsegula ndi kutseka, kuwongolera ndi kuteteza zida zamagetsi popanga magetsi, kutumiza, kugawa ndi kusintha mphamvu zamagetsi. Zigawo zomwe zili mu switch cabinet makamaka zimaphatikizapo circuit breaker, disconnecting switch, load switch, operating mechanism, mutual inductor ndi zida zosiyanasiyana zoteteza.

Kusanthula zolakwika ndi njira zothanirana ndi switchgear
Zipangizo zosinthira magetsi za 12 ~ 40.5kV ndiye chiwerengero chachikulu cha zida zosinthira magetsi zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito pa gridi yamagetsi. M'zaka zaposachedwa, ngozi zosinthira magetsi zakhala zikuchitika kawirikawiri, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti pakhale kutayika kwachuma, kuvulala ndi zotsatira zina zoyipa pagulu.
Ngozi yobisika ya ngozi ndi zolakwika zomwe zimachitika makamaka zimayang'ana kwambiri pa mawaya, mphamvu yotulutsa ma arc amkati, kutchinjiriza kwamkati, kutentha ndi kuletsa kutsekeka, ndi zina zotero. Kudzera mu njira zothanirana ndi mavuto, kuchuluka kwa ngozi za switchgear ndi ring network cabinet kumachepa kwambiri, ndipo kudalirika kwa ntchito yamagetsi kumawonjezeka pang'onopang'ono.

1. Vuto lobisika mu wiring mode
1.1. Mtundu Woopsa Wobisika
1.1.1 Chomangira chomwe chili mu kabati ya TV chikugwirizana mwachindunji ndi basi
Malinga ndi zofunikira za kapangidwe kake, chogwirizira cha TV chiyenera kuvomerezedwa ndi basi yolumikizira gap handcar, malo okonzera malo a TV, njira yolumikizira ndi zina, chogwirizira cha TV kudzera mu galeta yodzipatula yolumikizidwa ndi basi, pamene kukonza TV, galeta yodzipatula, chogwirizira mphezi chikadali chodzaza, kubweretsa ogwira ntchito m'nyumba yosungiramo zinthu kuti apeze chiopsezo chamagetsi. Chogwirizira mu kabati ya TV makamaka chimakhala ndi mawaya otsatirawa, monga momwe zasonyezedwera pa Chithunzi 2:

Njira yolumikizira switchgear yabisika

1, njira yoyamba yolumikizira mawaya: Chogwirizira magetsi cha TV ndi TV yoyikidwa m'nyumba yosungiramo zinthu zakumbuyo, fuse yoyikidwa pagalimoto, chogwirizira magetsi chimalumikizidwa mwachindunji ndi basi, TV kudzera m'manja odzipatula ndi basi yolumikizidwa;
2, njira yolumikizira mawaya yachiwiri: Chogwirizira magetsi cha TV chomwe chayikidwa m'chipinda cha basi, cholumikizidwa mwachindunji ndi basi, TV ndi fuse zomwe zayikidwa pagalimoto;
3, njira yolumikizira mawaya yachitatu: Chogwirizira magetsi cha TV chomwe chimayikidwa padera m'nyumba yosungiramo zinthu zakale yakumbuyo kapena m'nyumba yosungiramo zinthu zakale yakutsogolo, cholumikizidwa mwachindunji ndi basi, TV ndi fuse zomwe zimayikidwa pagalimoto.
4, njira yolumikizira mawaya inayi: TV ndi fuse zomwe zayikidwa mu XGN series fixed cabinet compartment, arrester yomwe yaikidwa padera mu compartment ina, yolumikizidwa mwachindunji ndi basi;
5, njira yolumikizira mawaya asanu: chogwirizira mphezi, TV ndi fuse zayikidwa mu nyumba yosungiramo zinthu zakumbuyo, chogwirizira mphezi chimalumikizidwa mwachindunji ndi basi, TV imalumikizidwa ndi basi kudzera m'galimoto yodzipatula;
6, njira yolumikizira mawaya asanu ndi limodzi: chogwirizira mphezi, fuse ndi TV zimayikidwa mgalimoto yomweyi, chogwirizira mphezi chimalumikizidwa ku fuse pambuyo pa siteji.
Dongosolo ili ndi la mawaya olakwika, fuse ikasweka ikagwira ntchito, zidazo zidzataya chitetezo cha chomangira.

1.1.2 Kabati yapansi ya kabati yosinthira siili yosiyana ndi kabati yakumbuyo
Makabati apansi ndi makabati akumbuyo a makabati ena osinthira a KYN series, monga makabati akuluakulu osinthira a transformer in-line, makabati achikazi osinthira ma coupling, ndi makabati osinthira ma feeder, sizimasiyana kwathunthu. Ogwira ntchito akalowa m'makabati apansi, akhoza kukhudza basi kapena gawo lamoyo la chingwe, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti magetsi agwedezeke.
Ngozi yobisika siili pakati pa kabati yapansi ndi kabati yakumbuyo ya kabati yosinthira, monga momwe zasonyezedwera pa Chithunzi 3:

Chithunzi 3 Palibe ngozi yobisika yomwe yapezeka pakati pa kabati yapansi ndi kabati yakumbuyo ya kabati yosinthira

1.2, njira zothanirana ndi vutoli
Kabati yosinthira yokhala ndi mawonekedwe obisika a waya iyenera kusinthidwa kamodzi.
Chithunzi cha kusintha kwa ma wiring mode a switch cabinet chikuwonetsedwa mu Chithunzi 5:

Chithunzi 5 Chithunzi chojambula cha kusintha kwa mawonekedwe a waya wa switchgear

1.2.1 Ndondomeko yokonzanso ukadaulo wa njira yolumikizira mawaya a choletsa mphezi mu kabati ya TV
1, pa njira yoyamba yolumikizira mawaya, chotsani chomangira magetsi m'chipindacho, njira yolumikizira mawaya pa TV sinasinthe, chipinda choyambirira cha basi kudzera pa dzenje la khoma chatsekedwa, chomangira magetsi chimasanduka galimoto yomangira mawaya m'manja pagalimoto yolumikizira, ndipo chomangira magetsi chimakhala chofanana ndi fuse ndi TV.
2. Pa njira yachiwiri yolumikizira mawaya, chotsani chomangira magetsi m'chipinda cha basi, sunthani chomangira magetsi ku galimoto yoyenda ndikuchiyikanso mu fuse ndi chomangira magetsi, onjezerani mbale yoyikira bokosi lolumikizira la pansi, chotchingira cha bokosi lolumikizira ndi makina a valavu, ikani TV mu bin yakumbuyo, ndikuilumikiza ku chomangira chapansi cha galimoto yodzipatula kudzera mu lead.
Ndondomekoyi ingagwiritsidwe ntchito pa galimoto yoyambirira yogwiritsidwa ntchito ndi manja, komanso ingaganizire zosintha galimoto yatsopano yogwiritsidwa ntchito ndi manja.
3. Pa njira yachitatu yolumikizira mawaya, chotsani chomangira magetsi cha chipinda choyambirira, sunthani chomangira magetsi ku galimoto yoyenda ndikuchiyikanso mu fuse ndi chomangira magetsi, tsekani dzenje la pakhoma la chipinda choyambirira cha basi, onjezerani mbale yoyikira bokosi lolumikizira la pansi pa galimoto yamanja, chotchingira cha bokosi lolumikizira ndi makina a valavu, ikani TV mu chipinda chakumbuyo ndikuyilumikiza ku chomangira chapansi kudzera pa waya wotsogola.
Ndondomekoyi ingagwiritsidwe ntchito pa galimoto yoyambirira yogwiritsidwa ntchito ndi manja, komanso ingaganizire zosintha galimoto yatsopano yogwiritsidwa ntchito ndi manja.

4. Pa njira yachinayi yolumikizira mawaya, chotsani chogwirira m'zigawo zina, sunthani chogwiriracho ku fuse ndi zigawo za TV, chilumikizeni ku cholekanitsa chosinthira, ndikuchilumikiza pamodzi ndi fuse ndi TV circuit.
5, pa njira yolumikizira mawaya asanu, chomangira magetsi, malo oyika TV osasinthika, chingwe choyambirira chomangira magetsi chimalumikizidwa mwachindunji ndi cholumikizira cha galimoto yodzipatula, chipinda choyambirira cha basi kudzera pabowo la khoma.
6. Pa njira yolumikizira 6, njira yokonzera ndi ya kulumikizana kolakwika. Fuse ikangogwira ntchito, zidazo zidzataya chitetezo cha chomangira.
Chotsani chomangira mphezi ndi fuse mu galimoto yoyambirira, sinthani malo olumikizira mawaya, pangani chomangira mphezi chikugwirizana ndi chapamwamba cha fuse, komanso mofanana ndi fuse ndi TV.

1.2.2 Machenjezo okhudza kudzipatula kosakwanira pakati pa kabati la pansi ndi kabati yakumbuyo ya kabati yosinthira
Chifukwa mtundu uwu wa kapangidwe ka zinthu za kabati yosinthira umakhazikika, ngati mbale yogawa yayikidwa mu kusinthaku, mawonekedwe ake amkati ndi kugawa kwa malo zidzasinthidwa, ndipo magwiridwe antchito amkati a chinthucho sangatsimikizidwe. Chifukwa chake, ndikofunikira kutsimikizira kukonza mbali yayikulu ya transformer ya 10kV ndi kukonza switch yayikulu ya transformer isanayambe ntchitoyo.

2. Kusakwanira kwa mphamvu yotulutsa arc mkati
2.1 Mitundu ya zoopsa zobisika
Pa ntchito yeniyeni, kabati yotchinga yotsekedwa ndi chitsulo imakhala ndi zolakwika, kuphatikiza ndi mikhalidwe yoyipa yogwirira ntchito yomwe imachitika chifukwa cha kuwonongeka kwa magwiridwe antchito a insulation kapena kusagwira bwino ntchito ndi zifukwa zina, zomwe zimayambitsa vuto lamkati mwa arc.
Mzere wopangidwa ndi short circuit uli ndi kutentha kwambiri komanso mphamvu zambiri. Mzere wokhawo ndi mpweya wopepuka kwambiri wa plasma. Pogwiritsa ntchito mphamvu yamagetsi ndi mpweya wotentha, mzerewo udzayenda mofulumira kwambiri mu kabati ndikupangitsa kuti malo olakwika afalikire mofulumira.
Pankhaniyi, kutentha kwa mpweya, zinthu zotetezera kutentha, kusungunuka kwa chitsulo, kutentha kwa mkati mwa kabati yosinthira ndi kukwera kwa kuthamanga kwa mpweya, ngati sikunapangidwe kapena kuyikidwa njira yotulutsira mpweya yoyenera, kupanikizika kwakukulu kungayambitse kuti kabatiyo idziike m'mbale ya wina, thabwa la chitseko, ma hinge, kusokonekera kwakukulu kwa zenera ndi kusweka, arc yopangidwa ndi kabati ya mpweya wotentha kwambiri imadziika m'malo mwa wina, kuyambitsa kuvulala kwakukulu kwa ogwira ntchito yokonza zida pafupi ndi zida.
Ngakhale kuopseza moyo.
Pakadali pano, pali mavuto ena monga kusakhazikitsa njira yochepetsera kupanikizika, njira yochepetsera kupanikizika yopanda pake yakhazikitsidwa, mphamvu yotulutsira arc yamkati sinayesedwe ndi kutsimikiziridwa, ndipo kuwunika sikuli kokhwima panthawi yoyesa.

2.2, njira zothanirana ndi vutoli
[Kusankha] Mphamvu ya arc ya Switch cabinet iyenera kukhala pamlingo wa IAC, nthawi yovomerezeka ya arc yamkati siyenera kukhala yochepera 0.5s, mphamvu yamagetsi yoyesera imayesedwa kuti ipirire nthawi yochepa.
Pazinthu zomwe zili ndi ma current a short circuit breaking current opitilira 31.5kA, mayeso a internal fault arc angachitike molingana ndi 31.5kA.
[Kusintha] Onjezani kapena sinthani njira yochepetsera kupanikizika, ndikuchita mayeso amkati mwa arc ndi kutsimikizira motsatira zofunikira za mtundu wa mayeso.
[Chitetezo] Kukanikiza koyenera kwa kusiyana kwakukulu kwa chitetezo cha transformer, kuchepetsa nthawi yolephera kosalekeza ya arc yolakwika.

3, vuto la kutchinjiriza mkati
3.1 Mtundu woopsa wobisika
M'zaka zaposachedwapa, kuchuluka kwa zinthu zosinthira makabati kwachepetsedwa, magwiridwe antchito a kutchinjiriza kwa zolakwika za kabati, ndi zolakwika zinawonjezeka.
Main performance mu: kukwera mtunda ndi mpweya sikokwanira, makamaka hand cabinet, tsopano opanga ambiri kuti afupikitse kukula kwa hand cabinet, amachepetsa kwambiri circuit breaker yomwe yaikidwa mu cabinet, isolation plug ndi mtunda pakati pa nthaka, koma sanatenge njira zogwira mtima kuti atsimikizire mphamvu ya insulation;
Njira yoyipa yopangira zinthu, chifukwa cha kusakhazikika bwino kwa zinthu, gawo limodzi mu kabati yosinthira zinthu likhoza kupambana mayeso a kuthamanga kwa mpweya, koma kabati yonse yosinthira zinthu singathe kupambana pambuyo poyipanga zinthu;
Kuchuluka kwa kukhudzana sikukwanira kapena kukhudzana koipa, pamene mphamvu yolumikizira sikukwanira kapena kukhudzana koipa, kutentha kwapafupi, kuchepa kwa magwiridwe antchito a insulation, kumayambitsa kuphulika kwa nthaka kapena gawo;
Chochitika cha condensation, chotenthetsera chomangidwa mkati chimakhala chosavuta kuwononga, sichingagwire ntchito bwino, mu chochitika cha condensation cha kabati yosinthira, chimachepetsa magwiridwe antchito a insulation;
Kugwira ntchito koipa kwa zinthu zothandizira poteteza kutentha.
Pofuna kuchepetsa mtengo, opanga ena amagwiritsa ntchito zinthu zothandizira zomwe zimathandiza kuti zinthu zisamawonongeke, zomwe zimachepetsa mphamvu ya kabati yosinthira kutentha.

3.2, njira zothanirana ndi mavuto
Sitiyenera kungotsatira mosasamala kuchepetsa mphamvu ya switchgear. Tiyenera kugula switchgear yoyenera malinga ndi momwe polojekitiyi ilili, kapangidwe ka siteshoni, momwe imagwirira ntchito ndi momwe imakonzedwera, kukonzanso zida ndi zina.
Pa zipangizo zomwe zimagwiritsa ntchito mpweya kapena zinthu zotetezera mpweya ngati chotetezera kutentha, makulidwe, mphamvu ya kapangidwe kake ndi ukalamba wa zinthu zotetezera kutentha ziyenera kuganiziridwa, ndipo wopanga ayenera kuchita mayeso a condensation malinga ndi zofunikira;
Pazigawo monga chogwirira cha khoma mu kabati yosinthira ndi kabati ya netiweki yozungulira, valavu yamakina, ndi kupindika kwa bar ya basi, ngati mtunda wa mpweya woteteza uli wochepera 125mm (12kV) ndi 300mm (40.5kV), kondakitala ayenera kukhala ndi chivundikiro choteteza.
Njira monga kupukuta ndi kupukuta ziyenera kuchitidwa kuti magetsi asasokonekere m'malo omwe mphamvu ya magetsi imachulukirachulukira, monga malo olowera ndi otulutsira, valavu yamakina ndi ngodya ya basi.
Busbar yomwe ili mu kabati imathandizira zida zina zomwe mtunda wake woyenda sungathe kukwaniritsa zinthu zoletsa kuipitsidwa, monga mabotolo a porcelain. Thirani chophimba cha RTV chotetezera kuipitsidwa kuti muwongolere momwe zida zakale zimagwirira ntchito.

4. Chilema cha malungo
4.1 Mitundu ya zoopsa zobisika
Kulumikizana kwa malo ozungulira ndi koipa, kukana kwa kukhudzana kumawonjezeka, vuto la kutentha limaonekera, monga kusagwirizana bwino kwa kukhudzana;
Kapangidwe ka mpweya wa makabati okhala ndi zitsulo sikoyenera, mpweya siwotsika, mphamvu yotaya kutentha ndi yotsika, mavuto otenthetsera m'kabati ndi ambiri;
Chitseko cha khoma, transformer yamagetsi ndi zina zomwe zimayikidwa zimapanga kuzungulira kotsekedwa kwamagetsi, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti magetsi a eddy azitha, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti zinthu zina zisawonongeke, kutentha kumakhala koopsa;
Zipangizo zouma zotsekedwa pang'ono (transformer yamtundu wa cast type current, transformer yamtundu wa cast type voltage, transformer yamtundu wouma) waya wozungulira wosankhidwa siwokwanira, kuwongolera njira yopangira sikokhwima, kosavuta kuwononga kwambiri.
4.2, njira zothanirana ndi mavuto
Limbikitsani kutentha kwa kabati yosinthira, ndikuyika chofewetsera ndi chotenthetsera choyambitsa;
Kuphatikiza ndi kulephera kwa magetsi, kuthamanga kwa mphamvu ya kulumikizana kwa mphamvu ndi kusinthasintha kuyenera kuyang'aniridwa ndikusinthidwa ngati kuli kofunikira. Nthawi yomweyo, kasupe wolumikizana ndi kutopa ayenera kusinthidwa.
Wonjezerani kafukufuku pa ukadaulo woyezera kutentha mkati mwa kabati, ndikugwiritsa ntchito ukadaulo watsopano monga kuyeza kutentha popanda zingwe kuti muthetse vuto lovuta la kuyeza kutentha.

5, kupewa kutseka zolakwika sikwabwino
5.1 Zoopsa zomwe zingachitike
Makabati ambiri osinthira ali ndi chipangizo choletsa zolakwika, koma kutseka kwake kokwanira komanso kofunikira koletsa zolakwika sikukwaniritsa zofunikira.
Gawo la kabati yosinthira yokhala ndi zida pachitseko chakumbuyo likhoza kutsegulidwa, palibe kutseka kosalakwitsa, palibe kusokoneza kawiri, kutsegulidwa pambuyo poti ziwalo zamoyo zitha kukhudzidwa mwachindunji, ndipo zomangirazo ndi zomangira wamba wa hexagonal, zosavuta kutsegula chitsekocho kuti chilowe mu ngozi yamagetsi ya kabati yamoyo;
Gawo la thiransifoma yayikulu, yachikazi, TV, thiransifoma ndi switch ina yopanda chosinthira cha pansi, pambuyo poti chitseko cha kabati chotsatira ndi chosinthira cha pansi sichinapange loko yamakina, imatha kuchotsa screw mwachindunji pambuyo pa chitseko, sichinatsekedwe ngati chitsekocho chingatsekenso mphamvu, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti ogwira ntchito yokonza atsegule molakwika, kulowa mu gawo lamagetsi, ngozi yadzidzidzi ya ogwira ntchito;
Mbali zapamwamba ndi zapansi za chitseko chakumbuyo cha makabati ena osinthira sizingatsekedwe paokha, ndipo chitseko chapamwamba chimatsekedwa ndi chitseko chapansi.
Pamene chosinthira magetsi chatsekedwa, loko ya chitseko cha kabati chapansi imachotsedwa, ndipo chitseko chakumbuyo cha kabati chikhozanso kutsegulidwa, zomwe zimapangitsa ngozi yamagetsi kukhala yovuta.
Monga switchgear ya KYN28;
Magalimoto ena osinthira magetsi akakokedwa, chotchingira choteteza kutentha chimatha kukankhidwira mmwamba mosavuta. Popanda kuletsa kutsekedwa mwangozi, thupi lomwe lili ndi mphamvu limaonekera, ndipo antchito amatha kutsegula molakwika valavu yolumikizirana ya chosinthiracho, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti pakhale ngozi yamagetsi.

5.2, njira zothanirana ndi mavuto
Kwa ntchito yotsutsana ndi zolakwika ya kabati yosinthira si yangwiro, kumbuyo kwa chitseko cha kabati kumatha kutsegulidwa, ndipo kutsegula kumatha kukhudza mwachindunji magawo amoyo a kabati yosinthira yamagetsi yayikulu. Khodi yosinthira yoyikidwa, sinthani pulogalamu yotsutsana ndi zolakwika ya kompyuta yotseka loko;
Ikani malo olumikizirana pakati pa switch yapansi ndi chitseko cha makabati akumbuyo pa makabati osinthira monga GG1A ndi XGN, ndikuyika chipangizo chowonetsera chamoyo kuti mutseke ntchito ya switch yapansi.
Yang'anani kudalirika kwa chipangizo choletsa zolakwika nthawi zonse, ndipo yang'anani chipangizo chomangirira pakati pa galimoto yonyamula ndi chosinthira cha pansi, chosinthira chodulira ndi chosinthira cha pansi ngati magetsi alephera.

6, chomaliza
Zipangizo za kabati yosinthira magetsi ndi zida zofunika kwambiri pa malo osinthira magetsi. Pofuna kuonetsetsa kuti zikugwira ntchito bwino, ulamuliro uyenera kukulitsidwa m'mbali zonse monga kapangidwe, zipangizo, njira, mayeso, kusankha mtundu, kugwiritsa ntchito ndi kukonza.
Mogwirizana ndi zofunikira za kapangidwe kake, kuphatikiza miyezo yadziko ndi mafakitale, perekani patsogolo zofunikira zaukadaulo wa kapangidwe, kuchotsa zoopsa zobisika za waya;
Malinga ndi miyezo ya dziko ndi mafakitale, komanso njira zopewera ngozi, pangani zofunikira zokhwima pa zikalata zogulira zida, kuti zinthu zosayenerera zisagwire ntchito pa netiweki;
Limbikitsani kuyang'anira kupanga komwe kukuchitika, onerani mosamala mfundo zazikulu zopangira ndi kuyesa fakitale, ndikuletsa mwamphamvu zinthu zosayenerera kutuluka mufakitale;
Chitani mwachangu kasamalidwe ka zolakwika za kabati yosinthira, limbitsani kukhazikitsa njira zotsutsana ndi ngozi;
Sinthani ntchito yoletsa zolakwika ya kabati yosinthira, limbitsani kasamalidwe ka chipangizo choletsa zolakwika, ikani chipangizo chowonetsera chamoyo, ndikugwirizana ndi dongosolo la "zopewera zisanu", kuti muwonetsetse kuti pali kutseka koyenera komanso koyenera koletsa zolakwika.