Maluso asanu opanga ndi zizindikiro zaukadaulo za sensa

Chiwerengero cha masensa chikuchulukirachulukira padziko lonse lapansi komanso m'malo otizungulira, zomwe zikupatsa dziko lonse deta. Masensa otsika mtengo awa ndi omwe akuyendetsa chitukuko cha intaneti ya zinthu komanso kusintha kwa digito komwe anthu athu akukumana nako, komabe kulumikizana ndi kupeza deta kuchokera ku masensa sikuyenda bwino nthawi zonse. Pepalali lidzapereka mndandanda waukadaulo wa masensa, luso 5 lopanga ndi makampani opanga zinthu za OEM.

Choyamba, chizindikiro chaukadaulo ndiye maziko enieni ofotokozera momwe chinthu chikuyendera. Kumvetsetsa zizindikiro zaukadaulo, kuthandizira kusankha ndi kugwiritsa ntchito bwino chinthucho. Zizindikiro zaukadaulo za sensa zimagawidwa m'zizindikiro zokhazikika ndi zizindikiro zosinthasintha. Zizindikiro zokhazikika zimafufuza makamaka momwe sensa imagwirira ntchito malinga ndi momwe zinthu zilili, kuphatikizapo kusinthasintha, kubwerezabwereza, kukhudzidwa, kulunjika, cholakwika chobwerera, malire, kukwera, kukhazikika ndi zina zotero. Chizindikiro champhamvu chimafufuza makamaka momwe sensa imagwirira ntchito malinga ndi momwe zinthu zilili mofulumira, kuphatikizapo kuyankha pafupipafupi ndi kuyankha kwa sitepe.

Chifukwa cha zizindikiro zambiri zaukadaulo za sensa, deta ndi mabuku osiyanasiyana amafotokozedwa kuchokera mbali zosiyanasiyana, kotero kuti anthu osiyanasiyana ali ndi kumvetsetsa kosiyana, komanso kusamvetsetsana ndi kusamveka bwino. Pachifukwa ichi, zizindikiro zingapo zazikulu zaukadaulo za sensa zimatanthauziridwa:

1, chisankho ndi chisankho:

Tanthauzo: Kusinthika kumatanthauza kusintha kochepa kwambiri komwe sensa imatha kuzindikira. Kusinthika kumatanthauza chiŵerengero cha Kusinthika ku mtengo wonse wa sikelo.

Kutanthauzira 1: Kutha kwa mphamvu ndiye chizindikiro chofunikira kwambiri cha sensa. Chimayimira luso la sensa kusiyanitsa zinthu zoyezedwa. Mafotokozedwe ena aukadaulo a sensa amafotokozedwa ponena za kutha kwa mphamvu ngati gawo locheperako.

Kwa masensa ndi zida zomwe zili ndi chiwonetsero cha digito, resolution imatsimikiza chiwerengero chochepa cha manambala omwe akuwonetsedwa. Mwachitsanzo, resolution ya caliper ya digito yamagetsi ndi 0.01mm, ndipo cholakwika cha chizindikiro ndi ±0.02mm.

Kutanthauzira 2: Kutsimikiza ndi nambala yeniyeni yokhala ndi mayunitsi. Mwachitsanzo, kutsimikiza kwa sensa ya kutentha ndi 0.1℃, kutsimikiza kwa sensa yofulumira ndi 0.1g, ndi zina zotero.

Kutanthauzira 3: Kutsimikiza ndi lingaliro lofanana kwambiri ndi kutsimikiza, zonse zikuyimira kutsimikiza kwa sensa ndi muyeso.

Kusiyana kwakukulu ndikuti resolution imafotokozedwa ngati peresenti ya resolution ya sensa. Ndi yofanana ndipo ilibe muyeso. Mwachitsanzo, resolution ya sensa ya kutentha ndi 0.1℃, range yonse ndi 500℃, resolution ndi 0.1/500=0.02%.

2. Kubwerezabwereza:

Tanthauzo: Kubwerezabwereza kwa sensa kumatanthauza kuchuluka kwa kusiyana pakati pa zotsatira za muyeso pamene muyeso ukubwerezedwa kangapo mbali imodzi pansi pa mkhalidwe womwewo. Umatchedwanso kubwerezabwereza cholakwika, kubwerezabwereza cholakwika, ndi zina zotero.

Kutanthauzira 1: Kubwerezabwereza kwa sensa kuyenera kukhala kusiyana pakati pa miyeso yambiri yomwe yapezeka pansi pa mikhalidwe yomweyi. Ngati mikhalidwe yoyezera isintha, kufananiza pakati pa zotsatira zoyezera kudzatha, komwe sikungagwiritsidwe ntchito ngati maziko owunikira kubwerezabwereza.

Kutanthauzira 2: Kubwerezabwereza kwa sensa kumayimira kufalikira ndi kusasinthika kwa zotsatira za muyeso wa sensa. Chifukwa cha kufalikira ndi kusasinthika koteroko ndikuti kusokonezeka kosiyanasiyana kosasinthika kumapezeka mkati ndi kunja kwa sensa, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti zotsatira zomaliza za muyeso wa sensa ziwonetse makhalidwe a zosintha zosasinthika.

Kutanthauzira 3: Kupatuka kwa muyezo kwa variable yosasinthika kungagwiritsidwe ntchito ngati mawu ofotokozera kuchuluka kobwerezabwereza.

Kutanthauzira 4: Pa miyeso yobwerezabwereza, kulondola kwakukulu kwa muyeso kungapezeke ngati avareji ya miyeso yonse itengedwa ngati zotsatira zomaliza za muyeso. Chifukwa kupotoka kwa muyezo wa avereji ndi kochepa kwambiri kuposa kupotoka kwa muyezo uliwonse.

3. Kulumikizana:

Tanthauzo: Linearity (Linearity) imatanthauza kupotoka kwa sensa yolowera ndi yotuluka kuchokera ku mzere wowongoka woyenera.

Kutanthauzira 1: Ubale woyenera wa sensa yolowera/yotulutsa uyenera kukhala wolunjika, ndipo mzere wake wolowera/yotulutsa uyenera kukhala mzere wowongoka (mzere wofiira pachithunzi chili pansipa).

Komabe, sensa yeniyeni imakhala ndi zolakwika zosiyanasiyana, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti mzere wolowera ndi wotuluka usakhale mzere wowongoka woyenera, koma mzere wozungulira (wobiriwira womwe uli pachithunzi pansipa).

Linearity ndi kusiyana kwa kusiyana pakati pa mawonekedwe enieni a sensa ndi mzere wa off-line, womwe umadziwikanso kuti nonlinearity kapena nonlinear error.

Kutanthauzira 2: Chifukwa kusiyana pakati pa curve yeniyeni ya sensa ndi mzere woyenera kumasiyana pakukula kosiyanasiyana kwa muyeso, chiŵerengero cha mtengo wapamwamba kwambiri wa kusiyana ndi mtengo wonse nthawi zambiri chimagwiritsidwa ntchito mu range yonse. Mwachiwonekere, linearity ndi kuchuluka koyerekeza.

Kutanthauzira 3: Popeza mzere woyenera wa sensa sudziwika pamlingo wamba, sungapezeke. Pachifukwa ichi, njira yolumikizirana nthawi zambiri imagwiritsidwa ntchito, kutanthauza, pogwiritsa ntchito mwachindunji zotsatira za muyeso wa sensa kuti muwerenge mzere woyenera womwe uli pafupi ndi mzere woyenera. Njira zenizeni zowerengera zimaphatikizapo njira yomaliza ya mzere, njira yabwino kwambiri ya mzere, njira yocheperako ndi zina zotero.

4. Kukhazikika:

Tanthauzo: Kukhazikika ndi kuthekera kwa sensa kusunga magwiridwe ake ntchito kwa nthawi yayitali.

Kutanthauzira 1: Kukhazikika ndiye chizindikiro chachikulu chofufuzira ngati sensa imagwira ntchito mokhazikika munthawi inayake. Zinthu zomwe zimapangitsa kuti sensa isakhazikike makamaka zimaphatikizapo kusinthasintha kwa kutentha ndi kutulutsa nkhawa mkati. Chifukwa chake, ndikofunikira kuwonjezera chiwongola dzanja cha kutentha ndi chithandizo cha ukalamba kuti muwongolere kukhazikika.

Kutanthauzira 2: Kukhazikika kungagawidwe m'magulu awiri: kukhazikika kwa nthawi yochepa ndi kukhazikika kwa nthawi yayitali malinga ndi kutalika kwa nthawiyo. Nthawi yowonera ikafupika kwambiri, kukhazikika ndi kubwerezabwereza zimakhala pafupi. Chifukwa chake, chizindikiro cha kukhazikika chimayang'ana kwambiri kukhazikika kwa nthawi yayitali. Kutalika kwa nthawi yeniyeni, malinga ndi momwe chilengedwe chimagwiritsidwira ntchito komanso zofunikira kuti zidziwike.

Kutanthauzira 3: Zonse ziwiri zolakwika zonse ndi zolakwika zoyerekeza zingagwiritsidwe ntchito pofotokoza kuchuluka kwa chizindikiro chokhazikika. Mwachitsanzo, sensa ya mphamvu ya mtundu wa strain ili ndi kukhazikika kwa 0.02%/12h.

5. Kuchuluka kwa zitsanzo:

Tanthauzo: Chiŵerengero cha Zitsanzo chimatanthauza chiwerengero cha zotsatira zoyezera zomwe zingathe kuyesedwa ndi sensa pa nthawi iliyonse ya unit.

Kutanthauzira 1: Kuchuluka kwa zitsanzo ndi chizindikiro chofunikira kwambiri cha makhalidwe amphamvu a sensa, kusonyeza mphamvu ya yankho lachangu la sensa. Kuchuluka kwa zitsanzo ndi chimodzi mwa zizindikiro zaukadaulo zomwe ziyenera kuganiziridwa mokwanira pankhani ya kusintha kwachangu kwa muyeso. Malinga ndi lamulo la Shannon la zitsanzo, kuchuluka kwa zitsanzo za sensa sikuyenera kukhala kochepera kawiri kuposa kuchuluka kwa kusintha kwa muyeso.

Kutanthauzira 2: Pogwiritsa ntchito ma frequency osiyanasiyana, kulondola kwa sensa kumasiyananso molingana. Kawirikawiri, kuchuluka kwa zitsanzo kukakhala kwakukulu, kulondola kwa muyeso kumakhala kochepa.

Kulondola kwakukulu kwa sensa nthawi zambiri kumapezeka pa liwiro lotsika kwambiri la zitsanzo kapena ngakhale pansi pa mikhalidwe yosasunthika. Chifukwa chake, kulondola ndi liwiro ziyenera kuganiziridwa posankha sensa.

Malangizo asanu opangira masensa

1. Yambani ndi chida cha basi

Choyamba, mainjiniya ayenera kugwiritsa ntchito njira yolumikizira sensa kudzera mu chida cha basi kuti achepetse zomwe sizikudziwika. Chida cha basi chimalumikiza kompyuta (PC) kenako ku I2C, SPI, kapena protocol ina ya sensa yomwe imalola sensa "kulankhula". Pulogalamu ya PC yogwirizana ndi chida cha basi chomwe chimapereka gwero lodziwika komanso logwira ntchito lotumizira ndi kulandira deta lomwe si dalaivala wosadziwika, wosatsimikizika wa microcontroller (MCU). Pankhani ya Bus utility, wopanga mapulogalamu amatha kutumiza ndikulandira mauthenga kuti amvetsetse momwe gawoli limagwirira ntchito asanayese kugwira ntchito pamlingo wolumikizidwa.

2. Lembani khodi yolumikizira yotumizira mauthenga mu Python

Wopanga mapulogalamu akayesa kugwiritsa ntchito masensa a chida cha basi, gawo lotsatira ndikulemba khodi ya pulogalamu ya masensa. M'malo mongodumphira mwachindunji ku khodi ya microcontroller, lembani khodi ya pulogalamu mu Python. Mabus ambiri amakonza ma plug-ins ndi khodi yachitsanzo polemba zolemba, zomwe Python nthawi zambiri zimatsatira.NET chimodzi mwa zilankhulo zomwe zikupezeka mu.net. Kulemba mapulogalamu mu Python ndikosavuta komanso mwachangu, ndipo kumapereka njira yoyesera masensa mu mapulogalamu omwe si ovuta monga kuyesa pamalo obisika. Kukhala ndi khodi yapamwamba kumapangitsa kuti zikhale zosavuta kwa mainjiniya osalumikizidwa kuti afufuze zolemba za masensa ndi mayeso popanda chisamaliro cha mainjiniya a mapulogalamu obisika.

3. Yesani sensa ndi Micro Python

Chimodzi mwa ubwino wolemba khodi yoyamba ya pulogalamu mu Python ndikuti mafoni a pulogalamu ku Bus-utility application Programming interface (API) amatha kusinthidwa mosavuta poyimba Micro Python. Micro Python imagwiritsa ntchito pulogalamu yolumikizidwa nthawi yeniyeni, yomwe ili ndi masensa ambiri kuti mainjiniya amvetsetse kufunika kwake. Micro Python imagwiritsa ntchito purosesa ya Cortex-M4, ndipo ndi malo abwino oti muchotsere khodi ya pulogalamu. Sikuti ndi zophweka zokha, palibe chifukwa cholemba madalaivala a I2C kapena SPI pano, chifukwa ali kale mu laibulale ya ntchito ya Micro Python.

4. Gwiritsani ntchito khodi yogulitsa masensa

Mainjiniya ayenera kuchita zambiri kuti amvetse momwe sensa imagwirira ntchito. Tsoka ilo, ogulitsa masensa ambiri si akatswiri pakupanga mapulogalamu opangidwa, choncho musayembekezere kupeza chitsanzo chokonzekera kupanga cha kapangidwe kokongola ndi kukongola. Ingogwiritsani ntchito code ya wogulitsa, phunzirani momwe gawoli limagwirira ntchito, ndipo kukhumudwa kwa kukonzanso zinthu kudzabuka mpaka litaphatikizidwa bwino mu pulogalamu yopangidwa. Ikhoza kuyamba ngati "spaghetti", koma kugwiritsa ntchito kumvetsetsa kwa opanga momwe masensa awo amagwirira ntchito kudzathandiza kuchepetsa nthawi zambiri zomwe zawonongeka kumapeto kwa sabata malonda asanayambe.

5. Gwiritsani ntchito laibulale ya ntchito zogwirizanitsa masensa

Mwayi ndi wakuti, mawonekedwe otumizira a sensa si atsopano ndipo sanachitikepo kale. Malaibulale odziwika bwino a ntchito zonse, monga "Sensor Fusion function Library" yoperekedwa ndi opanga ma chip ambiri, amathandiza opanga mapulogalamu kuphunzira mwachangu, kapena bwino kwambiri, ndikupewa kuzungulira kwa kukonzanso kapena kusintha kwambiri kapangidwe ka zinthu. Masensa ambiri amatha kuphatikizidwa mu mitundu kapena magulu wamba, ndipo mitundu kapena magulu awa amalola kuti madalaivala azitha kupangidwa bwino, omwe, ngati atagwiritsidwa ntchito bwino, amakhala pafupifupi padziko lonse lapansi kapena osagwiritsidwanso ntchito kwambiri. Pezani malaibulale awa a ntchito zolumikizira masensa ndikuphunzira mphamvu ndi zofooka zawo.

Pamene masensa aphatikizidwa mu makina ophatikizidwa, pali njira zambiri zothandizira kukonza nthawi yopangira komanso kugwiritsa ntchito mosavuta. Opanga mapulogalamu sangalepheretse kuphunzira momwe masensa amagwirira ntchito kuchokera pamlingo wapamwamba wa abstraction kumayambiriro kwa kapangidwe kake komanso asanawaphatikize mu makina otsika. Zambiri zomwe zilipo masiku ano zithandiza opanga mapulogalamu "kuyamba bwino" popanda kuyamba kuyambira pachiyambi.